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Suramin

Manufactured by Cayman Chemical
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Sourced in United States

Suramin is a synthetic organic compound commonly used in laboratory research. It functions as a selective inhibitor of various enzymes, receptors, and biological processes. The core function of Suramin is to serve as a research tool for investigating biological mechanisms and pathways in in-vitro and in-vivo experimental settings.

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Lab products found in correlation

Vasopressin, by Merck Group (2 mentions) Chlorocresol, by Merck Group (2 mentions) Nicardipine, by Merck Group (2 mentions) P62 sc 28359, by Santa Cruz Biotechnology (2 mentions) Pan keratin antibody, by Cell Signaling Technology (2 mentions) Calnexin 2679, by Cell Signaling Technology (2 mentions) L cycloserine, by Merck Group (2 mentions) Actin jla20, by Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank (2 mentions) Tubulin t5168, by Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank (2 mentions) Fumonisin b1, by Cayman Chemical (2 mentions) Glucagon, by Merck Group (2 mentions) Verapamil, by Merck Group (2 mentions) Phenylephrine, by Merck Group (2 mentions) Apyrase, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Ppads, by Bio-Techne (1 mentions) Cisapride, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Nocodazole, by Cayman Chemical (1 mentions) Propranolol, by Molecular Devices (1 mentions) Fetal bovine serum (fbs), by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions) Fibronectin, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)

6 protocols using suramin

1

Purinergic receptor blockade in LPS-induced lung injury

Cited 1 time
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The mice received an i.t. administration of either vehicle (1xPBS), 100 µM Suramin (Cayman Chemical, USA), 100 µM PPADS (4-[[4-formyl-5hydroxy-6-methyl-3-[(phosphonooxy)methyl]-2-pyrinidyl]azo]-1,3-benzenedisulfonic acid tetrasodium salt) (Tocris Bioscience, UK) or 4 U/mL apyrase (Sigma Aldrich, Germany) in 80 µL total volume one hour prior (prophylactic) or 24 hours after (therapeutic) LPS instillation. The concentrations were chosen based on established literature (9 (link)) and preliminary dose-response studies aiming to achieve effective receptor blockade within our experimental system. Mice were sacrificed 24 hours after both LPS application in the prophylactic and antagonist treatment in the therapeutic setting.
Kargarpour Z., Cicko S., Köhler T.C., Zech A., Stoshikj S., Bal C., Renner A., Idzko M, & El-Gazzar A. (2023). Blocking P2Y2 purinergic receptor prevents the development of lipopolysaccharide-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome. Frontiers in Immunology, 14, 1310098.
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2

Cardiac and Endothelial Cell Culture Protocols

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iCell® cardiomyocytes (Cat. No. CMC-100-010-001) and respective plating and maintenance media, iCell® endothelial cells (Cat. No. ECC-100-010-001) and their requisite media supplements were purchased from FujiFilm Cellular Dynamics International. Trypan blue solution (0.4%) and penicillin/streptomycin ( 50mg/ml ) were obtained from Life Technologies. Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO, tissue culture grade) was purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology. Chloroquine phosphate, nocodazole, suramin, and tetraoctyl ammonium bromide (TAB) were from Cayman Chemical. Isoproterenol and propranolol were purchased from Molecular Devices, and cisapride was obtained from Sigma Aldrich. VascuLife® containing Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) Medium Complete Kits recommended for iCell®-endothelial cells culture were purchased from Lifeline Cell Technology. Pooled HUVECs in EGM-2 media (Cat. No. CC2519A) and EGM™-2 BulletKits™ were obtained from Lonza. Biological reagents and cellular dyes, including Calcein AM, fibronectin, Geltrex™ LDEV-Free reduced growth factor basement membrane, Hoechst 33342, and TrypLE™ Express were procured from Life Technologies. Media, supplements, and positive controls, including fetal bovine serum, histamine, FluoroBright Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s Medium (DMEM), and Medium 199 were purchased from Fisher Scientific.
Grimm F.A., Klaren W.D., Li X., Lehmler H.J., Karmakar M., Robertson L.W., Chiu W.A, & Rusyn I. (2020). Cardiovascular Effects of Polychlorinated Biphenyls and Their Major Metabolites. Environmental Health Perspectives, 128(7), 077008.
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3

Cellular Stress Signaling Pathway Antibodies

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Ubiquitin (sc-8017), LAMP1 (sc-20011), phospho-PERK (sc-32577), PERK (sc-13073), phospho-c-Jun (sc-822), c-Jun (sc-376488), SERCA2 (sc-376235, sc-8095), ATF6 (sc-22799), eIF2α (sc-11386), CaMKII (sc-5306), α1C/Cav1.2 (sc-16229-R), α1D/Cav1.3 (sc-25687), LC3 (sc-271625) and p62 (sc-28359) antibodies were obtained from Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc. IRE1α (3294), phospho-CaMKII (12716), phospho-eIF2α (3398), PERK (5683), LC3 (2775), p62 (5114) and Calnexin (2679) antibodies were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology, Inc. Pan-keratin antibody was obtained from Dr. Omary (University of Michigan)65 (link). Actin (JLA20) and tubulin (T5168) antibodies were purchased from Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank (DSHB) and Sigma, respectively. Fatty acid free and low endotoxin bovine serum albumin (BSA), palmitic acid (PA), stearic acid (SA), oleic acid (OA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), tunicamycin (Tm), thapsigargin (Tg), butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), N-acetylcysteine (NAC), chlorocresol, L-cycloserine, glucagon, phenylephrine, vasopressin, verapamil and nicardipine were purchased from Sigma. SP600125, bafilomycin and rapamycin were from LC Labs, and fumonisin B1 and suramin were from Cayman Chemical.
Park H.W., Park H., Semple I.A., Jang I., Ro S.H., Kim M., Cazares V.A., Stuenkel E.L., Kim J.J., Kim J.S, & Lee J.H. (2014). Pharmacological correction of obesity-induced autophagy arrest using calcium channel blockers. Nature communications, 5, 4834.
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4

Cellular Stress Signaling Pathway Antibodies

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Ubiquitin (sc-8017), LAMP1 (sc-20011), phospho-PERK (sc-32577), PERK (sc-13073), phospho-c-Jun (sc-822), c-Jun (sc-376488), SERCA2 (sc-376235, sc-8095), ATF6 (sc-22799), eIF2α (sc-11386), CaMKII (sc-5306), α1C/Cav1.2 (sc-16229-R), α1D/Cav1.3 (sc-25687), LC3 (sc-271625) and p62 (sc-28359) antibodies were obtained from Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc. IRE1α (3294), phospho-CaMKII (12716), phospho-eIF2α (3398), PERK (5683), LC3 (2775), p62 (5114) and Calnexin (2679) antibodies were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology, Inc. Pan-keratin antibody was obtained from Dr. Omary (University of Michigan)65 (link). Actin (JLA20) and tubulin (T5168) antibodies were purchased from Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank (DSHB) and Sigma, respectively. Fatty acid free and low endotoxin bovine serum albumin (BSA), palmitic acid (PA), stearic acid (SA), oleic acid (OA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), tunicamycin (Tm), thapsigargin (Tg), butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), N-acetylcysteine (NAC), chlorocresol, L-cycloserine, glucagon, phenylephrine, vasopressin, verapamil and nicardipine were purchased from Sigma. SP600125, bafilomycin and rapamycin were from LC Labs, and fumonisin B1 and suramin were from Cayman Chemical.
Park H.W., Park H., Semple I.A., Jang I., Ro S.H., Kim M., Cazares V.A., Stuenkel E.L., Kim J.J., Kim J.S, & Lee J.H. (2014). Pharmacological correction of obesity-induced autophagy arrest using calcium channel blockers. Nature communications, 5, 4834.
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5

Footpad Inflammation Measurement in Mice

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Tissue inflammation studies were performed using NOD.Cg-Prkdcscid Il2rgtm1Wjl/SzJ mice (The Jackson Laboratory). Footpads were measured prior to injection using a dial thickness caliper gauge (Swiss Precision Instruments). iNKT cells and DCs (1–3 × 105 of each) were mixed at a 1:1 ratio and pelleted by centrifugation, re-suspended in 50 μl sterile PBS, and injected subcutaneously into rear footpads using a 0.5-cc insulin syringe (28G × 0.5 in). Injected footpads were re-measured after 24 hr. The thickness of each footpad prior to injection was subtracted from the post-injection value to obtain the net swelling. Where indicated, the DCs were pretreated with the following inhibitor drugs: 20 μM NS-398 (COX-2 (PTGS2) inhibitor, Cayman Chemical), 100 μg/ml dexamethasone (glucocorticoid, Sigma-Aldrich), 20 μM VAS2870 (NAPDH oxidase inhibitor, Enzo Life Sciences), 100 μM Suramin (P2 receptor inhibitor, Cayman Chemical), and 30 μM KN-62 (P2X7 inhibitor, Sigma-Aldrich).
Xu X., Pocock G.M., Sharma A., Peery S.L., Fites J.S., Felley L., Zarnowski R., Stewart D., Berthier E., Klein B.S., Sherer N.M, & Gumperz J.E. (2016). Human iNKT Cells Promote Protective Inflammation by Inducing Oscillating Purinergic Signaling in Monocyte-Derived DCs. Cell reports, 16(12), 3273-3285.
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6

Suramin Compound Acquisition Protocol

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Suramin was purchased from Cayman Chemical Co., USA.
Dai J., Li X., Yan L., Chen H., He J., Wang S., Wang J, & Sun Y. (2016). The effect of suramin on inhibiting fibroblast proliferation and preventing epidural fibrosis after laminectomy in rats. Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research, 11, 108.
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