Copric chloride dihydrate (CuCl2·2H2O, 99.99 %), dopamine (DA, 98 %), Glucose (Glu, 99.5 %), uric acid (UA, 99 %), clenbuterol (Cle, 1.0 mg/mL), fenoterol (Fen, 99 %), salbutamol (Sal, 95 %), phenylethanolamine A (Phe, 98 %) and ascorbic acid (AA, 99 %) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, ractopamine (RAC) was purchased from Dr. Ehrenstorfer GmbH and used as received without any additional purification. All other reagents are of analytical grade and were purchased from Tianjin Tianli Chemical Reagent Co., ltd. (Tianjin, China). All solutions were prepared using ultrapure water (18.2 MΩ cm) and stored at 4 °C, deaerating with high-purity nitrogen before experiments. Bacterial cellulose (BC) was obtained by inoculating tofu yellow slurry water with Acetobacter xylinum followed by 5 day's culture (Tabuchi, et al., 1998 (link)).
Clenbuterol
Manufactured by Merck Group
Sourced in United States
Clenbuterol is a laboratory instrument used for various research and analytical applications. It is a high-precision device designed to perform accurate measurements and analyses. The core function of Clenbuterol is to provide reliable and consistent data to support scientific investigations.
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Lab products found in correlation
Salbutamol, by Merck Group (5 mentions)
Nadolol, by Merck Group (4 mentions)
Tamoxifen, by Merck Group (4 mentions)
Ici 118 551, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Brl37344, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Alzet osmotic pump, by Durect (3 mentions)
Chloramphenicol, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Terbutaline, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Cimaterol, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Ractopamine, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Alzet pumps, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions)
Phosphate buffered saline (pbs), by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions)
Acetonitrile, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions)
Formic acid, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions)
Ammonium acetate, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions)
Hplc grade methanol, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions)
Methanol, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Acetonitrile, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Fenoterol, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Dopamine, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
29 protocols using clenbuterol
1
Electrochemical Sensor Development with Bacterial Cellulose
2
Accelerated Muscle Growth via AAV-Pck2
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To test the effect of AAV-Pck2 during accelerated muscle growth, over-expression of Pck2 was first confirmed prior to administration of the beta-2 adrenergic agonist, Clenbuterol. Seven days following the AAV injections, mice were imaged under recoverable anaesthesia (1.5% isoflurane) on an IVIS Spectrum imaging system (PerkinElmer). GFP signal was used as an indicator of successful delivery to the TA muscles and AAV function (i.e. translation of AAV-delivered genes). Following confirmation of localized GFP expression, mice were injected daily with Clenbuterol (CAS# 21898-19-1; Sigma Aldrich UK) at 1 mg/kg via the subcutaneous route for 3 weeks.
3
Clenbuterol Enhances MCMV Infection
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Clenbuterol (catalog no. C5423; Sigma-Aldrich) was added at 9 µg/ml in the drinking water of mice for 7 d before and during MCMV infection. Controls were kept on water alone.
4
Analytical method for SARM detection
5
Standardized Preparation of Adrenergic Compounds
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Compounds were sourced as follows: isoprenaline (TCI I0260), adrenaline (Sigma E4250), noradrenaline (Matrix Scientific 037592), dobutamine (Tocris 0515), prenalterol (Santa Cruz Bio sc-280023), formoterol (Apex Bio B1359), clenbuterol (Sigma C5423), salbutamol (Sigma S8260), tulobuterol (Alfa Aesar J61448), and mirabegron (Med Chem Express CS-0915). Upon arrival, ∼2 mg of the compound was weighed out and resuspended in DMSO to achieve a final concentration of 10 mM. Compounds were aliquoted and stored at −80°C or −20°C until use. A limit of five freeze/thaw cycles was implemented for each aliquot.
6
Quantification of β-Agonists in Biological Samples
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All chemicals were of analytical grade. Acetonitrile, methanol (high-performance liquid chromatography grade), and ammonium acetate were obtained from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Ultrapure water (Milli-Q, Millipore Corporation, Bedford, MA, USA) was used to prepare all aqueous solutions.
All β-agonists (cimaterol, clenbuterol, ractopamine, salbutamol, terbutaline, tulobuterol, and zilpaterol) and corresponding internal standards (cimaterol-d7, clenbuterol-d9, ractopamine-d6, clenbuterol-d9, salbutamol-d6, terbutaline-d9, and zilpaterol-d7) were purchased from Sigma (St. Louis, MO, USA). The minimum purity of all standards was 98.0%. The chemical structures of all seven β-agonists are shown inFigure 1 .
All β-agonists (cimaterol, clenbuterol, ractopamine, salbutamol, terbutaline, tulobuterol, and zilpaterol) and corresponding internal standards (cimaterol-d7, clenbuterol-d9, ractopamine-d6, clenbuterol-d9, salbutamol-d6, terbutaline-d9, and zilpaterol-d7) were purchased from Sigma (St. Louis, MO, USA). The minimum purity of all standards was 98.0%. The chemical structures of all seven β-agonists are shown in
7
Anesthesia Cocktail for Imaging
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Fentanyl cocktail comprised fentanyl (0.05 mg/kg), midazolam (5.0 mg/kg) and dexmedetomidine (0.5 mg/kg) premixed in saline and was injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) for anesthetized two-photon imaging sessions.
Nadolol (10 mg/kg i.p.; Sigma, 42200–33-9) was administered for two-photon imaging. Clenbuterol (1 mg/kg i.p.; Sigma, 21898–19-1) was administered for two-photon imaging, while 2 mg/kg i.p. daily (5 days/week) for 1 month was administered to assess the long-term impact of β2AR agonist treatment. Both Nadolol and Clenbuterol were dissolved in saline. ICI-118,551 (Sigma, 72795–01-8) were dissolved in DMSO (Sigma, 67–68-5) and administered by mini-osmotic pump (Alzet, model 2002) for 1 month at a dosage of 10 mg/kg/day. Pumps were replaced once after the first 15 days of the treatment period.
Tamoxifen (Sigma, 10540–29-1) was dissolved in corn oil (20 mg/mL) and administered i.p. for 5 days (75 mg/kg) in experiments using 5xFAD CX3CR1-CreERT β2AR-flox mice.
Nadolol (10 mg/kg i.p.; Sigma, 42200–33-9) was administered for two-photon imaging. Clenbuterol (1 mg/kg i.p.; Sigma, 21898–19-1) was administered for two-photon imaging, while 2 mg/kg i.p. daily (5 days/week) for 1 month was administered to assess the long-term impact of β2AR agonist treatment. Both Nadolol and Clenbuterol were dissolved in saline. ICI-118,551 (Sigma, 72795–01-8) were dissolved in DMSO (Sigma, 67–68-5) and administered by mini-osmotic pump (Alzet, model 2002) for 1 month at a dosage of 10 mg/kg/day. Pumps were replaced once after the first 15 days of the treatment period.
Tamoxifen (Sigma, 10540–29-1) was dissolved in corn oil (20 mg/mL) and administered i.p. for 5 days (75 mg/kg) in experiments using 5xFAD CX3CR1-CreERT β2AR-flox mice.
8
Long-term Administration of β-adrenergic Agonists
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For long-term administration of β-adrenergic agonists, Clenbuterol (Sigma) and BRL37344 (Sigma) were dosed at 2 mg Kg−1 day−1 and 2.4 mg Kg−1 day−1, respectively, using subcutaneously implanted Alzet osmotic pumps (model 2006; DURECT Corporation). Six weeks following implantation of the first pump, an additional pump was implanted for a total of 12 weeks of continuous drug delivery. Control animals were implanted with Alzet pumps containing saline (PBS; Gibco).
9
Cocaine and Adrenergic Receptor Modulation
10
Astrocyte Culture and TNF-α Stimulation
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In vitro procedures for the human astrocytoma cell line and primary rat astrocytes were similar except for the dosage of TNF-α (2000 IU/mL of human TNF-α produced at the Dept. of Biomedical Research of UGent) and 10 ng/mL rat TNF-α (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA), clenbuterol (Sigma-Aldrich) was administered at 10 μM for human and rat astrocytes. After 2 h of starvation on DMEM/1% FCS/Pen-Strep, cells were exposed to the different stimuli for 3 h: vehicle, clenbuterol, TNF-α, and TNF-α + clenbuterol. Cells were washed with ice-cold PBS and resuspended in 350 μL Qiagen RNeasy lysis buffer (RLT + β-ME) before homogenization with the Qiashredder. Ethanol (350 μL) was added and lysates were stored at -80°C until further processing.
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