XPS were measured by an Escalab 250 (Thermo Fisher Scientific, USA) instrument that employs Al Kα radiation. FTIR were conducted on a Nicolet iS10 system (Thermo Fisher Scientific, USA) in the range of 4000–700 cm−1. TGA was characterized by a Q500 system (TA Instruments, USA) under nitrogen atmosphere with a heating rate of 10 °C min−1. DSC measurement was carried out on a Q2000 instrument (TA Instruments, USA) under nitrogen atmosphere using a heating rate of 10 °C min−1. Elemental analysis measurement was conducted using a Vario Micro Cube (Elementar, Germany). UV–Vis spectrum analysis was done using a Lambda 750 spectrophotometer (Perkin Elmer, USA). The magnetic property was tested using VSM on a Squid-VSM system (Quantum Design, USA) at 80 °C. Cross-sectional membrane samples for TEM (Tecnai G2 F20 field emission TEM, FEI, USA) were embedded in epoxy resin and solidified at 100 °C for 2 h, and then cut on an EMUC6 ultramicrotome (Leica, Germany). Elements W, Fe, and S were detected and mapped by an Enfinium 977 EELS spectrometer (Gatan, USA), and the mapping time was 2 s. The particle size of PWA was estimated by DLS technique on a Zetasizer nano ZS90 apparatus (Malvern Instruments, UK). Cross-sectional membrane samples for SEM (SU8010 field emission SEM, Hitachi, Japan) were freeze-fractured in liquid nitrogen and vacuum sputtered with a thin layer of gold.
Zetasizer nano zs90 apparatus
Manufactured by Malvern Panalytical
Sourced in United Kingdom
The Zetasizer Nano ZS90 is a dynamic light scattering (DLS) instrument used to measure the size and size distribution of particles or molecules in a liquid. It is capable of measuring particle sizes ranging from 0.3 nanometers to 10 micrometers. The instrument uses a laser light source and sensitive detectors to analyze the Brownian motion of the particles or molecules in the sample, which is then used to calculate their size distribution.
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Lab products found in correlation
Em uc6 ultramicrotome, by Leica (1 mentions)
Escalab 250, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Vario micro cube, by Elementar (1 mentions)
Lambda 750 spectrophotometer, by PerkinElmer (1 mentions)
Q2000 instrument, by TA Instruments (1 mentions)
Nicolet is10 system, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Q500 system, by TA Instruments (1 mentions)
Squid vsm system, by Quantum Design (1 mentions)
Su8010 field emission sem, by Hitachi (1 mentions)
Rf 6000 spectrofluorophotometer, by Shimadzu (1 mentions)
Cary 60 uv vis spectrophotometer, by Agilent Technologies (1 mentions)
Inverted fluorescence microscope, by Olympus (1 mentions)
Ckx41, by Olympus (1 mentions)
Cary 500, by Agilent Technologies (1 mentions)
Equinox 55, by Bruker (1 mentions)
X l type environmental scanning electron microscope, by Philips (1 mentions)
4 protocols using zetasizer nano zs90 apparatus
1
Multimodal Characterization of Novel Materials
2
Dynamic Light Scattering of ZnTPP Nanoparticles
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The intensity-weighted hydrodynamic particle size distributions (PSDs) in water solution were determined via dynamic light scattering (DLS) using Zetasizer Nano-ZS90 apparatus (Malvern Panalytical). The instrument was equipped with a He–Ne laser (5 mW) operating at a wavelength of 633 nm. The scattering angle was 173°. PSDs were estimated from autocorrelation functions using the nonnegative truncated singular value decomposition method, as has been described elsewhere.42 (link) The DLS measurements were performed at room temperature.
The absorption spectra were recorded using a Cary 60 UV-VIS spectrophotometer (Agilent Technologies Inc.). The fluorescence (FL) spectra were recorded using a Shimadzu RF-6000 spectrofluorophotometer (Shimadzu Corp.) with a wavelength of 421 nm for FL excitation. The singlet oxygen emission spectra were recorded with a FluoroMax Plus CP spectrofluorometer (HORIBA Scientific) at wavelengths of 421 and 553 nm for the excitation of singlet oxygen emission. Solution samples were placed in a 1 cm × 1 cm × 4 cm polished quartz cell. The spectra were measured at room temperature. The measurements were carried out with time delays from 1 min to 7 days after the mixing of ZnTPP ethanol solution with water and water-based solutions of D-g-PAAan and D-g-PAAan/AuNPs.
The absorption spectra were recorded using a Cary 60 UV-VIS spectrophotometer (Agilent Technologies Inc.). The fluorescence (FL) spectra were recorded using a Shimadzu RF-6000 spectrofluorophotometer (Shimadzu Corp.) with a wavelength of 421 nm for FL excitation. The singlet oxygen emission spectra were recorded with a FluoroMax Plus CP spectrofluorometer (HORIBA Scientific) at wavelengths of 421 and 553 nm for the excitation of singlet oxygen emission. Solution samples were placed in a 1 cm × 1 cm × 4 cm polished quartz cell. The spectra were measured at room temperature. The measurements were carried out with time delays from 1 min to 7 days after the mixing of ZnTPP ethanol solution with water and water-based solutions of D-g-PAAan and D-g-PAAan/AuNPs.
3
Characterization of Calcium Oxalate Crystals
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Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) was from EQUINOX55, Bruker, Germany. Ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer was from Cary 500, Varian company, USA. The X-ray powder diffractometer (D/MAX2400) was from Japan. The X-L type environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM) was from Philips, Eindhoven, Netherlands, and a Nano Measurer 1.2.5 Software (Fudan University, China) was used to determine the average size of the CaOx crystals from the SEM images. Inverted fluorescence microscope was from Olympus company, Japan. The optical microscope was from OlyMPUS, CKX41, Japan. The Zetasizer Nano ZS90 apparatus was from Malvern, England. The flow cytometer was from Beckman, Gallios, USA. The microplate reader was from SafireZ, Tecan, Switzerland.
4
Characterization of INs-STI-CS Nanoparticles
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The samples were diluted (5-fold) in sodium acetate buffer solution to avoid multiple scattering. Zetasizer Nano ZS90 apparatus (Malvern Instruments, Worcestershire, UK) was used to determine the average particle size and PDI value of INs-STI-CS nanoparticles. The sample was measured at 25 °C for 10 times [28 (link)].
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