Labview 2014

The experiments were performed using the microfluidic device as schematically shown in Figure 1. A 0.5 cm thick PDMS holder was employed to increase reservoir volume and provide stability for the electrodes. Solution A (0.5 mM F108 for bead studies and 1 mM F108 for mitochondrial studies, 10 mM HEPES, pH adjusted to 7.4 by KOH, sterile-filtered to 0.2 µm) was used to coat the channel surface with F108. Briefly, each channel was filled with solution A by capillarity, and the chip was placed in a humid environment overnight (16–24 h). Solution B (250 mM sucrose in solution A, pH 7.4, 0.03 S/m, sterile-filtered to 0.2 µm) was used to rinse the channel and to prepare the polystyrene bead or the mitochondrial suspension. The prepared bead or mitochondrial suspension was added to an inlet reservoir and solution B to another reservoir. Mineral oil was added on top of the liquid layer in both reservoirs to prevent evaporation. Platinum electrodes attached to the reservoirs were connected via microclamps (LabSmith, Livermore, CA, U.S.A.) to an AC power supply from a high voltage amplifier (AMT-3B20, Matsusada Precision Inc.) driven through a Multifunction DAQ card (USB X Series, National Instruments, TX, U.S.A.) programmed by LabVIEW 2014 (version 14.0, National Instruments).

All the experiments were performed using the microfluidic device schematically shown in Figure 1(a). After assembly, each channel was filled with solution A (1 mM F108, 10 mM HEPES, pH adjusted to 7.4 by KOH, sterile-filtered to 0.2 μm) by capillarity immediately and the chip was placed in a humid environment overnight (16 – 24 hours) to coat all surfaces with F108. Solution B (250 mM sucrose in solution A, pH 7.4, 0.03 S/m, sterile-filtered to 0.2 μm) was used to prepare the mitochondria or the polystyrene bead suspension (see also below) and to rinse the channel for three times right before use. A low conductivity buffer (0.03 S/m) was employed to minimize Joule heating effects.^{31 (link)} A 0.5-cm-thick PDMS holder was employed to increase reservoir volume and provide stability for the electrodes on top of the assembled device. The prepared bead or mitochondrial suspension was added to an inlet reservoir and solution B to another reservoir. Mineral oil was added on top of the liquid layer in both reservoirs to prevent evaporation. Pt electrodes attached to the reservoirs were connected via micro-clamps (LabSmith, Livermore, CA, USA) to an AC power supply from a high voltage amplifier (AMT-3B20, Matsusada Precision Inc.) driven through a Multifunction DAQ card (USB X Series, National Instruments, TX, USA) programmed by LabVIEW 2014 (version 14.0, National Instruments).