Mate40

The surface structure of PDMS/ZnS:Cu and the distribution of ZnS:Cu in the cross section were obtained from SEM (JSM-5600, JEOL, Japan). Energy-dispersive spectrometer was used to determine the element distribution in ZnS: Cu (Octane Elect Super, EDAX, USA). XRD patterns were recorded from 10° to 70° (scanning rate 10° min^–1) using an Ultima IV instrument (Rigaku, Japan) equipped with Cu-Ka radiation (λ = 0.1540 nm). Mechanoluminescence properties tests were carried out on a universal tensile testing machine (Instron-5966, USA) with a cross-head speed of 100–1000 mm/min^–1 at room temperature. The triboelectric performance of MTBS was measured with a linear motor (HS01–37 166, NTI AG, USA), an electrostatic tester (6514, Keithley, USA) and an amplifier (SR570 type, SRS, USA). The fluorescence spectroscopy was performed on FluoroMax-4 (HORIBA, Japan) to characterize the luminous intensity. All the mechanoluminescent images in this paper were captured with Huawei mate40.

Six-week-old female BALB/c nude mice were obtained from Vitalriver (Beijing, China). The subcutaneous injection of shctrl or shUSP32 cells (4 × 10⁶) was performed into the right flank of six mice. The long diameter (a) and short diameter (b) of tumors were measured every 4 days. The tumor volume (V) was calculated using the formula V = ab²/2^{26 (link)}. The mice were euthanized using isoflurane (RWD life science, Shenzhen, China) at day 48. Tumors were dissected off and photographed using HUAWEI Mate 40. The tumor was also weighed.