Material samples were analysed by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The study was carried out using an Alpha instrument (Bruker Optics GmbH & Co. KG, Ettlingen, Germany), using the ATR (reflectance) technique, in the range 4000–500 cm−1, with a resolution of 4 cm−1. The cassia oil content of the polymeric materials was assessed.
Alpha instrument
Manufactured by Bruker
Sourced in Germany
The Alpha instrument is a compact and versatile laboratory equipment designed for analytical purposes. It provides a core function of performing high-quality spectroscopic analysis. The detailed specifications and intended use of the Alpha instrument are not available in this factual and unbiased description.
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Lab products found in correlation
Zetasizer nano z, by Malvern Panalytical (2 mentions)
Dip 1000 polarimeter, by Jasco (1 mentions)
Timstof mass spectrometer, by Bruker (1 mentions)
Pu 2080, by Jasco (1 mentions)
Uv 2075, by Jasco (1 mentions)
J 1100, by Jasco (1 mentions)
Talos instrument, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Innova atomic force microscope, by Bruker (1 mentions)
Tga q500 analyzer, by TA Instruments (1 mentions)
Nanoscope software, by Bruker (1 mentions)
7 protocols using alpha instrument
1
FTIR Analysis of Cassia Oil Content
2
Infrared Analysis of Bioelectrodes
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The infrared analyses of the bioelectrodes were carried out by a Fourier transform (FT-IR) Alpha instrument from Bruker Optics GmbH (Ettlingen, Germany) and its attenuated total reflection (ATR) module was equipped with a diamond crystal. The spectra were acquired with 30 scans in the range 4000–400 cm−1 with a resolution of 2 cm−1.
3
Spectroscopic and Chromatographic Characterization
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Optical rotations were measured with a JASCO DIP-1000 polarimeter. UV spectra were recorded on a UV-3600. ECD spectra were measured with JASCO J-1100. IR spectra were recorded on a Bruker ALPHA instrument. All NMR data were recorded on a JEOL ECX-400/ECS-400 spectrometer for 1H (400 MHz) and 13C (100 MHz). 1H NMR chemical shifts (referenced to the residual solvent signal of CHD2OD: δ 3.31, CHCl3: δ 7.26) were assigned using a combination of data from COSY and HMQC experiments. Similarly, 13C NMR chemical shifts (referenced to the solvent signal CD3OD: δ 49.0, CDCl3: δ 77.16) were assigned based on HMBC and HMQC experiments. HRESIMS spectra were obtained on a Bruker timsTOF mass spectrometer. For reversed-phase column chromatography, ODS silica gel Cosmosil 75C18-OPN (Nacalai Tesque) was used. For medium pressure column chromatography, AFCS (Smart Flash AKROS, Yamazen) consisting of a pump and a UV detector was used. HPLC analysis was conducted using a pump (model PU-2080, Jasco) and a UV detector (model UV-2075, Jasco). All chemicals and solvents used in this study were the best grade available and obtained from a commercial source (Nacalai Tesque).
4
Nanocapsule Characterization by FTIR, DLS, and TEM
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To analyze the chemical interactions in the formation of nanocapsules,
Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was used. FTIR was
recorded from 4000 to 400 cm–1 using a Bruker Alpha
instrument. For the determination of average particle size and size
distribution, determination dynamic light scattering (DLS) was done.
Zetasizer Nano ZS (Malvern Instruments Corp., Malvern, UK), Jamia
Hamdard, was used for DLS measurements. For the determination of the
shape and size of nanocapsules, transmission electron microscopy (TEM)
analysis was done. A HR-TEM (JEOL JEM-1400) instrument at Indian Institute
of Technology Delhi, India was used for TEM analysis.
Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was used. FTIR was
recorded from 4000 to 400 cm–1 using a Bruker Alpha
instrument. For the determination of average particle size and size
distribution, determination dynamic light scattering (DLS) was done.
Zetasizer Nano ZS (Malvern Instruments Corp., Malvern, UK), Jamia
Hamdard, was used for DLS measurements. For the determination of the
shape and size of nanocapsules, transmission electron microscopy (TEM)
analysis was done. A HR-TEM (JEOL JEM-1400) instrument at Indian Institute
of Technology Delhi, India was used for TEM analysis.
5
FTIR Analysis of Sintered Samples
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To check the presence of organic matter in the sintered samples, FTIR Spectroscopy was employed. The FTIR spectra were recorded on Bruker alpha instrument (Bruker, Germany) with OPUS 7 software. Glass samples (glass and the morsels after sintering in powder form) were evaluated and infra-red spectra were generated in the mid-infrared region of 3000–400 cm−1. Spectra were obtained at 4 cm−1 resolution averaging 128 scans.
6
Characterization of Collagen Nanoparticles
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Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) was done to analyze if crosslinking has taken place in collagen nanoparticle on the addition of EDC·HCl and MDA. It was done on a Bruker alpha instrument and the spectrum was recorded in the range 4000 cm−1 to 400 cm−1. Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) analysis was done to determine nanoparticle size distribution and its average size determined using Zetasizer Nano ZS (Malvern Instruments Corp., Malvern, UK). Size measurement was done at 4 °C using a disposable folded capillary cell. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) analysis gives nanoparticle shape and size, few drops of nanoparticles were dropped cast on a copper grid and negative staining done using 1% PTA. TEM was done at AIIMS, New Delhi on a TALOS instrument (Thermo Fischer Scientific, USA).
7
Comprehensive Characterization of Humic Substances
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Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was conducted using a TA Instruments Q500 TGA analyzer. Powdered samples (5 mg) were placed in a shallow platinum crucible and heated in static air at a rate of 10 K/min from room temperature to 950 °C. The results are expressed as thermogravimetric (TG) and first derivative (DTG) plots. Elemental analyses (CHN) of the humic substances were determined by combustion analysis using an Exeter Analytical CE440 elemental analyzer. Infrared spectroscopic analysis was carried out using a Brüker Alpha instrument in ATR mode (2 cm -1 spectral resolution).
Solid-state NMR experiments were conducted on HA, NaHA, S and I samples at the former EPSRC National Solid-State NMR Service facility at the University of Durham. 13 C Multiple cross-polarization magic angle spinning (CPMAS) spectra [28] were obtained at 100.56 MHz at ambient probe temperature using a Varian VNMRS spectrometer based on a 9.4 T Oxford Instruments superconducting magnet.
Imaging of mica surfaces containing humic acid fraction S1 by atomic force microscopy (AFM) were obtained under ambient conditions in air using a Brüker Innova atomic force microscope in tapping mode using 256 scan lines and a scan rate of 4 Hz. The images were post-processed using Brüker NanoScope software, which was used primarily to level the images.
Solid-state NMR experiments were conducted on HA, NaHA, S and I samples at the former EPSRC National Solid-State NMR Service facility at the University of Durham. 13 C Multiple cross-polarization magic angle spinning (CPMAS) spectra [28] were obtained at 100.56 MHz at ambient probe temperature using a Varian VNMRS spectrometer based on a 9.4 T Oxford Instruments superconducting magnet.
Imaging of mica surfaces containing humic acid fraction S1 by atomic force microscopy (AFM) were obtained under ambient conditions in air using a Brüker Innova atomic force microscope in tapping mode using 256 scan lines and a scan rate of 4 Hz. The images were post-processed using Brüker NanoScope software, which was used primarily to level the images.
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