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A2056

Manufactured by Merck Group

A2056 is a laboratory equipment product manufactured by Merck Group. It is designed to perform a specific function in the laboratory setting. The core function of A2056 is to facilitate a particular procedure or analysis, but no further details about its intended use or application can be provided in an unbiased and factual manner.

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5 protocols using a2056

1

Citrate Synthase Activity Assay

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The activity of citrate synthase was measured based on the method described by Srere [33 ]. Porcine citrate synthase is the first enzyme of the citric acid cycle and exists in almost all cell and tissue types. It converts Acetyl-coA and oxaloacetate into citrate and releases reduced coenzyme-A. The latter reacts with the Ellman’s reagent (DTNB) enabling the reaction to be followed at 412 nm where reacted DTNB absorbs. The reaction was performed with 6 nM citrate synthase (C3260, Sigma), 0.45 mM Acetyl-coA (A2056, Sigma), 0.5 mM oxaloacetate (O4126, Sigma), and 0.1 mM DTNB (D8130, Sigma) in 50 mM Tris-HCl buffer supplemented with 250mM NaCl, at pH 7.5, and followed for 3 min at 30°C.
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2

Evaluating EP300 Histone Acetyltransferase Activity

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Recombinant GST-EP300 fusion protein, corresponding to the amino acids 1,066–1,707 (14-418, Millipore), was assessed for its acetyltransferase activity on the EP300 natural substrates recombinant histone H3 protein (M2503S, New England Biolabs). Briefly, 1 μg EP300 Histone acetyl transferase (HAT) domain was incubated in the presence of an HAT assay buffer (250 mM Tris-HCl [pH 8.0], 50% glycerol, 0.5 mM EDTA, and 5 mM dithiothreitol), 1 μg substrate protein, and two different concentrations of AcCoA (A2056, Sigma-Aldrich) for 1 hr at 30°C in the presence of AA, C646, and sodium salicylate. The reaction was stopped by adding 4× SDS buffer and boiling the samples. Acetylation of substrate proteins was measured by immunoblotting using specific antibodies against H3K56.
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3

Acetylation of β-catenin by Acetyl-CoA

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Recombinant human β-catenin protein (20 μg; abcam ab63175) was incubated with 500μM or 10mM acetyl-CoA sodium salt (Sigma; A2056) in PBS solutions (final volume 20ul) at different pH conditions for 3 hours at 37°C. PBS solutions were prepared from 10XDPBS (Sigma; D1283) adding different amounts of sodium bicarbonate (Sigma, S5761). After incubation, 10μl of each sample were run on a 10% SDS-PAGE gel. Western blot was performed as described above using Anti-acetyl Lysine antibody (1/1000; cell signaling #9441), and anti-β-catenin antibody (1/1000; BD #610153).
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4

Histone Acetylation Assays in Liver Tumor Nuclei

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Nuclei were isolated from liver tumors or HepG2 cells as reported previously (21 (link)) and resuspended in HAT and SIRT1 Assay buffer provided in the HAT Inhibitor Screening Assay and SIRT1 Direct Fluorescent Screening Assay Kits (10006515/10010401, Cayman Chemical). HAT and HDAC activities were determined according to the manufacturer’s instructions.
To determine the effect of the supplement of acetyl-CoA and CoASH on HAT activity, liver tumor nuclei were treated with the indicated concentrations of acetyl-CoA (A2056, Sigma) and CoASH (C4282, Sigma) for 1 h at 37°C. After treatment, nuclei were pelleted by centrifugation with histone acetylation determined by immunoblotting analysis.
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5

In Vitro Tubulin Acetylation Assay

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In vitro α-tubulin acetylation assay was performed as previously described30 (link). Briefly, 96-well half-area plates (Greiner, 674061) were coated with 5 µg tubulin from HeLa cells or bovine brain (Cytoskeleton, catalog no. HTS02-A) in 25 µL of ultrapure water for 2.5 h at 37 °C, blocked (PBS + 3% BSA + 3% skim milk + 3% FBS) for 1 h at 37 °C, and washed with PBS + 0.05% Tween 20. Wells were incubated for 2 h at 37 °C with shaking at 140x g with 25 µg of the total, S2, S3, or P3 fractions isolated from P0 mouse brain cortex previously diluted in 2× histone acetyltransferase (HAT) buffer (Sigma–Aldrich, EPI001A) supplemented with protease inhibitor cocktail, 5 µM trichostatin, and 50 µM acetyl-CoA (Sigma-Aldrich, A2056) or vehicle (H20) for control. After washes and overnight incubation at 4 °C with acetylated a-tubulin antibody (1:2000) in blocking buffer (PBS + 0.05% Tween 20 + 3% BSA), wells were washed and incubated for 2 h at 37 °C with peroxidase-conjugated goat antimouse antibody (1:5000) in antibody blocking buffer. Wells were then washed and incubated with trimethylboron/E (Merck Millipore, ES001) whose reaction was thereafter stopped with H2SO4. Following the manufacturer’s instructions, the HAT activity colorimetric assay kit (Sigma–Aldrich, EPI001) was used to measure CoA release.
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