Tetrabutylammonium acetate

Manufactured by Merck Group

Sourced in United States, Germany, Spain

Tetrabutylammonium acetate is a chemical compound used in various laboratory applications. It serves as a phase-transfer catalyst, facilitating the transfer of ionic species between immiscible solvents. The compound is a colorless, crystalline solid at room temperature.

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9 protocols using tetrabutylammonium acetate

Characterization of Analytical Test Materials

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Acetone, amoxicillin (AMO),
lysine (Lys), gentamicin (GEN), clarithromycin (CLA), tyrosine (TYR),
aspartic acid (ASP), threonine (THR), tryptophan (TRY), valine (VAL),
tetrabutylammonium acetate (TBAA), ammonium hydroxide (NH₄OH), hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂; HP), ethane (ET),
pentane (PN), malondialdehyde (MDA), acetic anhydride, sodium hydroxide
(NaOH), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and sodium chlorite (NaClO₂), were supplied from Sigma-Aldrich, Merck, and Fluka. Distilled
water was utilized for all of the experimental procedures. Wahttman
(off-white) paper strips were supplied from Merck (Egypt). The paper
strips were characterized by a diameter of 240 mm, thickness of 180
μm, pore size of 11 μm, and weight of 87 g/m².

Alshareef M., Snari R.M., Alaysuy O., Aldawsari A.M., Abumelha H.M., Katouah H, & El-Metwaly N.M. (2022). Optical Detection of Acetone Using “Turn-Off” Fluorescent Rice Straw Based Cellulose Carbon Dots Imprinted onto Paper Dipstick for Diabetes Monitoring. ACS Omega, 7(19), 16766-16777.

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Cellulose Paper Pretreatment Protocol

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Cellulose filter papers (diameter 125 mm, Whatman, Hangzhou, China) were cut into (2 × 5 mm) pieces and dried overnight at 105 °C before use. Tetrabutylammonium acetate (Sigma-Aldrich, Santa Clara, CA, USA, 97%), Dimethyl sulfoxide (BDH, 99.7%), Succinic anhydride (Alfa Aesar, Shanghai, China, 99%), and Isopropyl Alcohol (BDH, Radmanovic, PA, USA, 99.5%) were used without further purification. All other chemicals were purchased from commercial sources and were of reagent grade.

Xin P.P., Huang Y.B., Hse C.Y., Cheng H.N., Huang C, & Pan H. (2017). Modification of Cellulose with Succinic Anhydride in TBAA/DMSO Mixed Solvent under Catalyst-Free Conditions. Materials, 10(5), 526.

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Comprehensive Pigment Profiling and Antioxidant Assessment

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Pigments analysis was performed on fresh 95% aqueous acetone extracts to characterize lipophilic pigment composition and on MeOH/DCM dried extracts to study the relationship between carotenoids content and antioxidant activity.
Just after extraction, fresh acetone extracts were filtered on a 0.2 µM PTFE filter before immediate HPLC analysis. MeOH/DCM dried extracts were solubilized in ethanol at 0.5 mg mL⁻¹ and filtered on a 0.2 µM PTFE filter before HPLC analysis. The samples were analyzed by HPLC-UV-DAD (Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, CA, United States, series 1200 HPLC-UV-DAD) using an Eclipse XDB-C8 reverse phase column (150 by 4.6 mm, 3.5 µm particle size, Agilent Technologies) following the method by Van Heukelem and Thomas [87 (link)]. HPLC grade MeOH and water were purchased from Merck Chemicals (Darmstadt, Germany) and tetrabutyl ammonium acetate from Sigma-Aldrich (Darmstadt, Germany). Quantification was carried out using external calibration against pigments standard (lutein, neoxanthin, violaxanthin, antheraxanthin, zeaxanthin, β-carotene, diatoxanthin, diadinoxantin, and fucoxanthin provided by DHI, Denmark). Quantification of siphonaxanthin was done according to fucoxanthin standard as recommended by Roy et al. [88 ].

Coulombier N., Nicolau E., Le Déan L., Antheaume C., Jauffrais T, & Lebouvier N. (2020). Impact of Light Intensity on Antioxidant Activity of Tropical Microalgae. Marine Drugs, 18(2), 122.

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Synthesis and Characterization of PEGylated Polymer Nanocarriers

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AminoPEG M_w = 5000 was purchased from Nanocs Inc. (New York, NY, USA), poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA, M_w = 30,000–70,000 g/mol, 87–90% hydrolysed), Pluronic F-68, dichloromethane (DCM), acetone, glacial acetic acid, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), sodium azide, 1-ethyl-3(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC), N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS), sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS), RPMI-1640 medium and triethyl amine (TEA) were obtained from Sigma Aldrich (Saint Louis, MO, USA). Sorafenib (free base) and doxorubicin hydrochloride were purchased from Active Biochem (Hong Kong, PRC). The following reagents were used for the [R,S]-β-butyrolactone oligomerization reaction: β-butyrolactone (BL, ≥98%) purified as described previously [43 (link)], tetrabutylammonium acetate (97%), Dowex^® 50WX8 (hydrogen form, 200–400 mesh) obtained from Sigma Aldrich (Saint Louis, MO, USA), as well as solvents: tetrahydrofuran over molecular sieves (THF, pure), n-hexane (pure p.a.), and chloroform (98.5%) obtained from Avantor Performance Materials Poland S.A. (Gliwice, Poland); all were used without further purification. The HCT-116 human colon carcinoma cell line was a kind gift from the National Institute of Oncology (Budapest, Hungary).

Babos G., Rydz J., Kawalec M., Klim M., Fodor-Kardos A., Trif L, & Feczkó T. (2020). Poly(3-Hydroxybutyrate)-Based Nanoparticles for Sorafenib and Doxorubicin Anticancer Drug Delivery. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 21(19), 7312.

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Chlorophyll Extraction and Chelation

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Tetrabutyl ammonium acetate and ammonium acetate (purity >98%) were provided by Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Solvents for LC were purchased from Teknokroma (Barcelona, Spain), while LC/MS grade solvents were supplied by Panreac (Barcelona, Spain).
The deionized water was obtained from a Milli-Q 50 system (Millipore Milford, MA, USA).
Chlorophyll a and b were purchased from Wako (Neuss, Germany) and Sigma-Aldrich (St.
Louis, MO, USA), respectively. The non-coppered chlorophylls (15 1 -hydroxy-lactonepheophytin a, 13 2 -hydroxy-pheophytin b, 13 2 -hydroxy-pheophytin a and pyropheophytin b)
were produced from chlorophyll a and b in our laboratory with already published procedures (Chen, Ríos, Pérez-Gálvez & Roca, 202015a; Chen, Ríos, Roca & Pérez-Gálvez, 2015b) (link). For copper chlorophylls, the corresponding non-coppered counterparts were dissolved in acetone for the chelation reaction with an excess of copper (II) ions as chloride and with ascorbic acid to reduce oxidative changes (Jones, White, Gibbs, Dennard & Agrie, 1968) . The different samples of E-141i colorant (copper chlorophylls) were provided by diverse commercial suppliers of natural food colorants.

Pérez-Gálvez A., Viera I., Benito I, & Roca M. (2020). HPLC-hrTOF-MS study of copper chlorophylls: Composition of food colorants and biochemistry after ingestion. Food chemistry, 321.

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Chemical Reagents Purification Protocol

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All chemicals were purchased from Kanto Kagaku Co., Ltd., TCI chemicals, or Sigma-Aldrich, and used without further purification. Solvents for spectroscopic studies were of spectroscopic grade. Tetrabutylammonium acetate was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich.

Takahashi M., Ito N., Haruta N., Ninagawa H., Yazaki K., Sei Y., Sato T, & Obata M. (2021). Environment-sensitive emission of anionic hydrogen-bonded urea-derivative–acetate-ion complexes and their aggregation-induced emission enhancement. Communications Chemistry, 4, 168.

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Synthesis of Chiral Cyclic Carbonates

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Acetone-d 6 (99.9%), tetrabutylammonium benzoate (TBA B, 99.0%), tetrabutylammonium acetate (TBA Ac, 97%), tetraethylammonium benzoate (TEA B, 99.0%), tetraethylammonium chloride (TEA Cl, 99.0%), and ammonium benzoate (NH 4 B, 98%) were all purchased from Sigma Aldrich Germany. Tetrabutylammonium chloride (TBA Cl, 97%) is purchased from Carbolution Chemicals Germany. Tetrabutylammonium trifluoroacetate (TBA TFA) is synthesized by anion exchange from TBA OH. 50 (link) Acetone-d 6 is dried over molecular sieves (3 Å, AppliChem Germany) for at least 24 h; TBA B, TBA Cl, TBA Ac, and TBA TFA are dried in high vacuum at 50 °C overnight. All other salts were used as received. Tetrakis-Triazole TT1a is prepared as previously published. 21 (link)

Steinforth P., Gómez-Martínez M., Entgelmeier L.M., García Mancheño O, & Schönhoff M. (2022). Relevance of the Cation in Anion Binding of a Triazole Host: An Analysis by Electrophoretic Nuclear Magnetic Resonance. The journal of physical chemistry. B, 126(48).

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Carotenoid Identification in Microalgae

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All the chemical compounds used for the BG-11 medium, sodium chloride, ammonium acetate (98%) and tetrabutylammonium acetate were supplied by Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Co. (Madrid, Spain). Acetone and diethyl ether (analysis grade) were supplied by Teknokroma (Barcelona, Spain). N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) and hexane (analysis grade) and methanol, methyl tertbutyl ether and water (HPLC grade) were supplied by Panreac (Barcelona, Spain). The deionised water used was obtained from a Milli-Q 50 system (Millipore Corp., Milford, MA, USA). Solutions of carotenoid standards -carotene, -cryptoxanthin and -cryptoxanthin esters, echinenone, myxoxanthophyll, neoxanthin and violaxanthin isolated from natural sources were obtained following the procedures described by Britton, Liaaen-Jensen and Pfander (1995) , while zeaxanthin and -carotene standards were obtained from Extrasynthese (Genay Cedex, France). Aliquots of the carotenoid standard solutions were analysed with the same experimental conditions and the UVvisible and bbCID MS n spectra were acquired and compared with those obtained from the microalgae extracts, so that direct experimental criteria were applied for identification of known carotenoids. Standards of zeinoxanthin and -cryptoxanthin epoxides were not available, so that identification was performed according to literature data.

Manzoni Maroneze M., Jacob-Lopes E., Queiroz Zepka L., Roca M, & Pérez-Gálvez A. (2019). Esterified carotenoids as new food components in cyanobacteria. Food chemistry, 287.

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Solvent Preparation and Purification

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Sodium chloride, ammonium acetate (98%) and tetrabutylammonium acetate were supplied by Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Co. (Madrid, Spain) . Acetone (analysis grade) was supplied by Teknokroma (Barcelona, Spain). N,N-dimethylformamide grade solvents and water were supplied by Panreac (Barcelona, Spain), while acetone HPLC grade was supplied by Merck (Madrid, Spain). The deionised water used was obtained from a Milli-Q 50 system (Millipore Corp., Milford, MA, USA).

Chen K, & Roca M. (2018). Cooking effects on chlorophyll profile of the main edible seaweeds. Food chemistry, 266.

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