Cough was induced by single inhalation of 25% NH4OH (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO); 0.3 mL of 25% NH4OH in a 1000 mL glass Erlenmeyer flask was individually administered for 45 sec, 1 h after the last treatment of each test substance on day 11. After NH4OH exposure, the number of coughs were recorded and measured during a 6 min observation period; video observations were conducted as previously described (Zhang et al. 2009 (link); Wang et al. 2012 (link)) with slight modifications. Individual intact vehicle control mice were subjected to 0.3 mL of saline in a 1,000 mL glass Erlenmeyer flask for 45 sec, instead of NH4OH. The cough in mice was defined by opening of the mouth and the accompanying sound of coughing, contraction of thoracic and abdomen muscles, and abdominal jerking (Zhang et al. 2009 (link); Wang et al. 2012 (link)).
Nh4oh
Manufactured by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany, United Kingdom
NH4OH, also known as ammonium hydroxide, is a chemical compound that serves as a laboratory reagent. It is a colorless, aqueous solution of ammonia gas. NH4OH is used in various laboratory applications, including pH adjustment, precipitation reactions, and as a cleaning agent.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Hydrochloric acid (hcl), by Merck Group (19 mentions)
Sodium hydroxide (naoh), by Merck Group (12 mentions)
Fecl3 6h2o, by Merck Group (11 mentions)
Fecl2 4h2o, by Merck Group (11 mentions)
Triton x 100, by Merck Group (10 mentions)
Ethanol, by Merck Group (9 mentions)
H2so4, by Merck Group (7 mentions)
Tetraethyl orthosilicate, by Merck Group (7 mentions)
Fecl3, by Merck Group (7 mentions)
Methanol, by Merck Group (7 mentions)
Sodium chloride (nacl), by Merck Group (7 mentions)
Agno3, by Merck Group (6 mentions)
Fetal bovine serum (fbs), by Thermo Fisher Scientific (6 mentions)
Dnase 1, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (5 mentions)
Rnase a, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (5 mentions)
Phosphate buffered saline (pbs), by Merck Group (5 mentions)
Nabh4, by Merck Group (4 mentions)
Chloroform, by Merck Group (4 mentions)
Streptomycin, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (4 mentions)
Nh4 2hpo4, by Merck Group (4 mentions)
155 protocols using nh4oh
1
Cough Induction and Measurement in Mice
2
Synthesis and Characterization of Dextran-Coated Magnetic Nanoparticles
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MN was synthesized following a protocol published previously20 (link). Briefly, 30 ml of Dextan-T10 (0.3 g ml−1, Pharmacosmos A/S, Holbaek, Denmark) was mixed with 1 ml of FeCl3.6H2O (0.65 g ml−1, Sigma, Saint Louis, MO) while flushing Argon gas for an hour. 1 ml of FeCl2.4H2O (0.4 g ml−1, Sigma) was added into the mixture. Following, 15 ml of cold NH4OH (28%, Sigma) was added dropwise to the stirred mixture. The temperature was increased to 85 °C for 1 h to start the formation of a nanoparticulate dispersion and then cooled to room temperature. The magnetic nanoparticles were concentrated to 20 ml using Amicon ultra centrifugal units (MWCO 30 kDa; Millipore, Darmstadt, Germany). The resulting dextran-coated magnetic nanoparticles were cross-linked by epichlorohydrin (14 ml, 8 h, Sigma) and aminated by the addition of NH4OH (28%, 60 ml). Aminated magnetic nanoparticles (MN) were purified by dialysis and concentrated using Amicon ultra centrifugal units. The properties of MN were as follows: concentration, 10.94 mg ml−1 as Fe; the number of amine groups per MN, 64; relaxivity (R2), 82.5 ± 1.16 mM−1sec−1; size of MN, 20.3 ± 0.6 nm (NanoSight LM-10 system and Nanoparticles Tracking Analysis software (Ver. 3.2), Malvern, UK).
3
Magnetic Nanoparticles for Rare Earth Adsorption
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For the nanoparticles synthesis, FeCl3 (98%), FeCl2 (97%), NH4OH (25%), TEOS (98%) and ethanol (99.5%) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. For the rare earth adsorption, La(NO3)3·6H2O, Dy(NO3)3·6H2O and Nd(NO3)3·6H2O were purchased From Sigma-Aldrich. NH4OH (25%) from Sigma-Aldrich was used to adjust the pH. For desorption experiments, HCl and HNO3 were used.
4
Synthesis of Aminated Magnetic Nanoparticles
5
Graphite-based Nanocomposite Synthesis
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Graphite powder (<50
μm), NaNO3, H2SO4 (98%), KMnO4, HCl (37%), H2O2 (30%), 3,5-diaminobenzoic
acid (DABA), AlCl3, Pb(CH3COO)2,
NH4OH, ethanol, methanol, and acetone were purchased from
Sigma-Aldrich.
μm), NaNO3, H2SO4 (98%), KMnO4, HCl (37%), H2O2 (30%), 3,5-diaminobenzoic
acid (DABA), AlCl3, Pb(CH3COO)2,
NH4OH, ethanol, methanol, and acetone were purchased from
Sigma-Aldrich.
6
Chemical Reagents for Analytical Procedures
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Acetonitrile and methanol were supplied by CNW technologies. NH4AC and NH4OH were supplied by Sigma Aldrich and Fisher chemicals, respectively.
7
Influenza A Virus Cultivation and Nanoparticle Synthesis
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Influenza A Udorn/307/72 (H3N2) virus was cultured in embryonated eggs as previously described. 69 Filamented quartz capillaries with outer diameter: 1 mm and inner diameter: 0.7 mm (QF100-70-7.5) were obtained from Sutter Instrument Co. (Novato, CA). Polystyrene (PS) nanoparticles with 4 w/v% concentration and 100 nm diameter were purchased from Life Technologies Corporation (Carlsbad, CA). Tannic acid, SnCl 2 •2H 2 O, AgNO 3 , citric acid, NaOH, NH 4 OH, 3-(N-morpholino)propanesulfonic acid (MOPS) and phosphate buffered saline (PBS) + 0.05% Tween 20 (PBST) buffers were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich. All solutions were prepared with deionized (DI) water (18.2 MΩ cm resistivity, Millipore).
8
Breast Cancer Adhesion Assays on Osteoblast and Bone Matrix
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For the cell–osteoblast adhesion assays, 2 × 105 breast cancer cells containing the green fluorescent protein (GFP) were added to a 100% confluent MG-63 cell layer and then incubated for 15 min (for MDA-MB-231 shNC cells and shBry cells) or 20 min (for T47D NC cells and Bry cells, T47D Bry+shNC cells and Bry+shBry cells). To produce bone matrix, MC3T3-E1 cells were cultured in MEM-α media containing 10% FBS, 10 mM β-glycerophosphate (Sigma, St. Louis, MO) and 50 µg/ml ascorbic acid (Sigma) for 9 days. Then, the MC3T3-E1 cells were incubated in 20 mM NH4OH (Sigma) and 0.5% Triton X-100 (Solarbio, Beijing, China) for 5 min to remove the cells; the bone matrix remained in the wells. For cancer cell–bone matrix adhesion assays, 2 × 105 breast cancer cells containing GFP were added to the bone matrix layer and incubated for 15 min (for MDA-MB-231 shNC cells and shBry cells) or 20 min (for T47D NC cells and Bry cells, T47D Bry+shNC cells and Bry+shSOX5 cells). After aspirating off the floating cells, the remaining cells were washed with PBS and counted under a microscope.
9
Kefir Grain Cultivation and Antiproliferative Effects
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Kefir grains were cultured in pasteurized full-fat cow milk (200 mL, with 3.1 g of fat, 3.1 g of protein, 4.7 g of carbohydrate, 100 mg of calcium, and 80 IU of vitamin D 3 , Al-Marai Dairy Company, Jordan) in screw-capped glass containers without stirring, and at different kefir grain-to-milk ratios (2, 5, and 10% wt/vol), fermentation times (24, 48, and 72 h), and fermentation temperatures (4, 25, and 40°C), as in Table 2.
Following culture, kefir grains were removed by filtration using plastic colander, then the extracts were centrifuged at 3,000 × g for 20 min at 4°C. The supernatant fractions were lyophilized overnight at -50°C (Freeze Dry System, Telstar, Spain) then stored at -80°C. Before testing against cell lines, the lyophilized supernatant samples were serially diluted in corresponding culture medium (see Antiproliferation Assay below), adjusted to pH 7.0 using NH 4 OH (10 M, Sigma-Aldrich), and passed through a 0.22-μm Millipore filter.
Following culture, kefir grains were removed by filtration using plastic colander, then the extracts were centrifuged at 3,000 × g for 20 min at 4°C. The supernatant fractions were lyophilized overnight at -50°C (Freeze Dry System, Telstar, Spain) then stored at -80°C. Before testing against cell lines, the lyophilized supernatant samples were serially diluted in corresponding culture medium (see Antiproliferation Assay below), adjusted to pH 7.0 using NH 4 OH (10 M, Sigma-Aldrich), and passed through a 0.22-μm Millipore filter.
10
Etching and Surface Transformation Protocol
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Before etching, samples were cleaned in 2-propanol and water to remove initial surface contamination. The etching procedure removed the cap layer stopping on the AlInP window layer. The etching solution was composed of NH4OH (25%, Sigma Aldrich p.a. grade), H2O2 (30%, Merck p.a. grade) and H2O in a ratio of 1:1:10 and prepared directly before the etching. All the H2O was ultrapure ‘Milli-Q' grade. Immediately after the removal of the window layer, samples were rinsed in H2O, saturated with O2 by purging. The resulting hydrophilic surface was then slowly dried in a stream of O2 for several minutes. Surface transformation was performed in a three-electrode set-up41 consisting of a Pt counter electrode and an Ag/AgCl reference electrode in an aqueous RhCl3 solution. Samples were encapsulated in a two-component epoxy resin or, if XPS analysis was performed, clamped against a sealing ring.
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