Powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) was carried out on a Bruker D8 Advance with Cu-Kα, (λ = 1.5418 Å) source and a position-sensitive LynxEye Detector. Rietveld refinement was carried out with the open-source software Profex, which is a graphical interface for the refinement software, BGMN.28 (link) Scanning electron microscopy was carried out on a JEOL IT300. Magnetic susceptibility measurements for NCB were carried out on a Quantum Design MPMS 3 magnetometer. Magnetic susceptibility measurements for NNB were carried out by the Henry Royce Institute at Sheffield, also on a Quantum Design MPMS 3. To calculate the volume susceptibility of the samples, the density of the material taken from the published crystal structure was used, combined with the mass of the sample to calculate the volume of material.
Mpms3
Manufactured by Quantum Design
Sourced in United States
The MPMS3 is a versatile laboratory instrument designed for the measurement of magnetic properties of materials. It provides precise and reliable data on magnetic moments, susceptibility, and magnetization over a wide range of temperatures and magnetic fields. The core function of the MPMS3 is to perform these measurements, allowing researchers to gain insights into the fundamental magnetic characteristics of the samples under investigation.
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Lab products found in correlation
Physical property measurement system (ppms), by Quantum Design (7 mentions)
Ppms dynacool, by Quantum Design (3 mentions)
Miniflex 600, by Rigaku (3 mentions)
Mpms xl, by Quantum Design (3 mentions)
Nicolet 6700, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions)
S 4800, by Hitachi (2 mentions)
Tecnai g2 f30, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions)
Ppms 9t, by Quantum Design (2 mentions)
Ppms 14t, by Quantum Design (2 mentions)
F 7000, by Hitachi (2 mentions)
Supra 40vp, by Zeiss (2 mentions)
Talos f200x, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions)
It300, by JEOL (1 mentions)
D8 advance, by Bruker (1 mentions)
Ppms 14, by Quantum Design (1 mentions)
Jem 2200f, by JEOL (1 mentions)
Jed 2300t, by JEOL (1 mentions)
Ultra 60, by Zeiss (1 mentions)
Tecnai g20, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Cell counting kit 8 cck 8, by Dojindo Laboratories (1 mentions)
108 protocols using mpms3
1
Structural and Magnetic Characterization
2
Magnetization Measurements of Crystals
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Magnetization measurements were performed in a Magnetic Properties Measurement System (MPMS3, Quantum Design) up to 7 T and in a Physical Property Measurement System (PPMS-14, Quantum Design) in fields up to 14 T. A rotatable sample holder was used in the MPMS3 for measurements perpendicular to the c axis in order to determine the a and b axis for further magnetization measurements. Laue XRD measurements confirmed the orientation and quality of the crystals (see supplement, Fig. S1 ).
3
Magnetization and Heat Capacity Measurements
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Magnetization and heat capacity were measured using cube- or rectangular cuboid-shaped polished samples in commercial Quantum Design MPMS and PPMS cryostats, in an attempt to minimize adverse effects due to the demagnetization field. The magnetic field H was applied parallel to the crystallographic c-axis for all data shown in the main text. Due to experimental constraints, high-field vibrating sample magnetization (VSM) measurements were complemented by low-field (μ0H < 7 T) extraction magnetization data (DC-M) on the same sample in the same configuration, to arrive at a more reliable estimate for the absolute value of M. The VSM data were then scaled to the DC-M results (scaling factor ~1.06). These measurements were performed in a Quantum Design PPMS-14T (VSM) and a Quantum Design MPMS3 (DC-M) system, respectively.
4
Magnetron-Sputtered Composite IMA-PMA Stack
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The composite IMA-PMA stack was prepared on a thermally oxidized silicon substrate by PVD magnetron sputtering. Along with the main sample, one control sample was placed in the chamber. After depositing till the MgO isolation layer, the vacuum was broken and the first control sample was taken out. Another control sample was placed in the chamber along with the main sample and the deposition of the IMA layer was carried out. It is worth mentioning that the Ta layer inserted between the two MgO layers in Fig. 2(a) is not necessary for the device. It was inserted to be consistent with a previously developed recipe for PMA film deposition. m-H loop characterization of all samples were done in Quantum Design MPMS-3.
5
Structural and Magnetic Characterization of Nanoparticles
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The structures of the particles were observed and analysed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) (JEM-2200FS, JEOL), X-ray diffractometry (XRD) (SmartLab (9 kW)-RPA, Rigaku Corp.) and Raman spectroscopy (LabRAM, HR-800, HORIBA JOBIN YVON S.A.S). The elemental components of the structures were analysed by energy-disperse X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) (JED-2300T, JEOL). The size of the particles was measured from TEM images, targeting at least 1000 particles synthesised under the same experimental conditions. The magnetic properties of the particles were measured by a superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) magnetometer (MPMS3, Quantum Design, Inc.). The zero field cooling (ZFC) and field cooling (FC) magnetisation curves of particles as-synthesised, and annealed at 600 and 800 °C were obtained in the temperature range between 2.0 and 400 K in an applied field of 100 Oe (= 105/4π A m−1). The mass magnetisation − magnetic field curves were also obtained at 4 and 300 K.
6
Thermal and Magnetic Characterization of Crystal
7
Characterization of Cobalt Ferrite Nanoparticles
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The X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern of the cobalt ferrite powder was obtained through XRD measurement (X’Pert PRO spectrometer–PANalytical, Malvern, UK) using Cu Kα radiation (λ = 0.154 nm). Raman analysis was performed on CFNPs using Micro-Raman LabRAM Jobin Yvon scientific X’plora with a 638-nm wavelength red emission laser and a 50× objective lens. The morphology and confirmation of cobalt ferrite nanoparticle formation was characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM JEM-ARM200F, Jeol, Tokyo, Japan) along with other related techniques such as HR-TEM (High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy), HAADF-STEM (High-Angle Annular Dark-Field Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy), and EDS (Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectrometry) (Oxford XMax 80). Magnetic measurements were performed on a superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID), (Quantum Design, MPMS3). Zero-field cooling (ZFC), field cooling (FC) and hysteresis curves were measured on the MPMS3 apparatus. ZFC/FC curves were collected by first cooling down the samples from 400 K to 10 K under a zero magnetic field, then the magnetic moment was measured as the temperature was increased from 10 K to 400 K under a 100-Oe applied magnetic field. Hysteresis curves were taken from −7 to 7 T in a magnetic field at 20 K, 300 K and 312 K.
8
Multimodal Characterization of Materials
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Material morphology was observed through scanning electron microscopy (SEM, Zeiss Ultra60, Germany), transmission electron microscopy (TEM, FEI Tecnai G20, USA), and high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy (HAADF-STEM, EM-ARM300F). X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) tests were carried out at beamline XAFCA of the Singapore Synchrotron Light Source through fluorescence mode. Zero field cooled (ZFC) and field cooled (FC) measurements were conducted to investigate the magnetic moment of various TM on a magnetic property measurement system (MPMS-3, Quantum Design) at an external field of 1 kOe from 2 to 400 K. Further experimental details of other characterization and analysis method can be found in Text S2.
9
Magnetic Properties Measurement in SQUID
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The magnetic
properties were measured in a SQUID magnetometer (MPMS-3), from Quantum
Design (San Diego, USA), at temperatures ranging from 1.8 up to 300
K and applied magnetic fields up to 7 T. The M(H) curves for the magnetocaloric effect analysis were collected
with temperature intervals of ΔT = 3 K and
applied field up to 7 T.
properties were measured in a SQUID magnetometer (MPMS-3), from Quantum
Design (San Diego, USA), at temperatures ranging from 1.8 up to 300
K and applied magnetic fields up to 7 T. The M(H) curves for the magnetocaloric effect analysis were collected
with temperature intervals of ΔT = 3 K and
applied field up to 7 T.
10
Magnetic and Cytotoxicity Assessment of PSC-SPIONs
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PSC-SPIONs comprising an iron oxide core and a PSC shell were obtained from Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices of Southeast University (China). The preparation and characterization of PSC-SPIONs has been described in detail previously.27 (link) Here, the magnetic properties of PSC-SPIONs were tested using a superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) magnetometer (Quantum Design MPMS-3, Quantum Design, USA) at 300 K; 9.1 mg of dried PSC-SPIONs were characterized under an external magnetic field in the range ±30,000 Oe. The saturation magnetization values were normalized to the mass of nanoparticles to yield the specific value of magnetization in emu/g.
The viability of hGFs treated with PSC-SPIONs (abbreviated to P-S in the group labels) was quantified using Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8, DOJINDO, Japan). Briefly, hGFs were seeded in a 96-well plate at 5000 cells/well and incubated overnight. PSC-SPIONs were then added to the wells at final concentrations of 5, 15, 25, 50, and 100 μg/mL. After incubation for 24, 48, or 72 h, 10% CCK-8 solution in culture medium was added into each well. The optical density at 450 nm (OD450 nm) was determined using a microplate reader (SpectraMax M2e, USA) after incubation for 2 h.
The viability of hGFs treated with PSC-SPIONs (abbreviated to P-S in the group labels) was quantified using Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8, DOJINDO, Japan). Briefly, hGFs were seeded in a 96-well plate at 5000 cells/well and incubated overnight. PSC-SPIONs were then added to the wells at final concentrations of 5, 15, 25, 50, and 100 μg/mL. After incubation for 24, 48, or 72 h, 10% CCK-8 solution in culture medium was added into each well. The optical density at 450 nm (OD450 nm) was determined using a microplate reader (SpectraMax M2e, USA) after incubation for 2 h.
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