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8 protocols using chemiscope imaging system

1

Protein Detection and Visualization

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Cells were harvested in a lysis buffer containing 1% NP-40, 150 mM NaCl, 50 mM Tris-HCl (pH 7.4), and a cocktail of protease inhibitors (Roche). After removal of cellular debris, soluble proteins were separated by SDS-PAGE and transferred to a polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) membrane (Millipore). The proteins were detected by incubation with a primary antibody, followed by horseradish peroxidase-conjugated secondary antibody, and the ECL reagent kit (Pierce). The images were captured using the Clinx ChemiScope imaging system (Shanghai, China).
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2

Protein Expression Analysis by Western Blot

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The expression of proteins was measured by Western Blot according to the protocol described previously [9 (link)]. Briefly, cells were lysed using a lysis buffer containing 1 × Cocktail (SIGMA, USA). After centrifugation 12,000 g at 4 °C for 15 min, equivalent amounts of protein samples were separated using 4–20% SDS-PAGE (Beyotime, China) and transferred onto a PVDF membrane (Millipore, USA) using the Semi-dry Transfer System (Bio-Rad, USA), then blocked with 5% skimmed milk at room temperature for 1 h, the corresponding primary antibody Nrf2, Keap1, HO-1, NQO1, ICP4, gD, and β-actin were successively added to the membrane and incubated at 4 °C overnight. Anti-rabbit IgG, HRP-linked antibody, and anti-mouse IgG, HRP-linked antibody (Abcam, USA) were used as secondary antibodies. The protein bands were detected using the enhanced chemiluminescence (ECL) Western blotting kit (Millipore, USA) and a Clinx ChemiScope imaging system (Clinx Science Instruments, China).
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3

Western Blot Protein Analysis

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Cell lysates were prepared with RIPA buffer (Beyotime, P0013B) containing 1 mM phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride (Thermo Fisher Scientific, 36978). Proteins were separated by SDS-PAGE and blotted onto polyvinylidene fluoride membranes. The membranes were blocked with 5% skim milk in PBS-0.1% Tween 20 and then incubated with primary antibodies at 4°C overnight, followed by washing and incubation with secondary antibodies at room temperature for 2 hours. After washing, the blots were developed with enhanced chemiluminescence (Thermo Fisher Scientific) and detected using a ChemiScope Imaging System (Clinx Science Instruments). β-Actin was used as an internal reference. A Nuclear and Cytoplasmic Protein Extraction Kit (Beyotime, P0028) was used to separate nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins, with β-actin and lamin A/C serving as references for cytoplasmic and nuclear proteins, respectively.
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4

Western Blot Analysis of CD3ζ

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Whole cell lysates were separated by SDS-PAGE followed by blotting analysis with anti-CD247 (CD3ζ; Proteintech, Wuhan, China) and HRP-conjugated affinipure goat anti-rabbit IgG(H+L) (Proteintech). The protein band was developed using FDbio-Pico ECL kit (Fudbio science, Hangzhou, China) and photographed by the ChemiScope Imaging System (Clinx, Shanghai, China).
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5

Quantifying Microglia Activation Markers

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It was used to detect the expression of microglia activated marker IBA1, M1 phenotypic marker iNOS protein, and M2 phenotypic marker Arg-1 protein. Briefly, microglia were lysed in RIPA strong lysis buffer on ice and then centrifuged at 4°C and 12000 rpm for 10 min to extract nucleoprotein, and quantitative analysis of protein content was performed by BCA (Beyotime, Shanghai, China) method. The protein components of the sample were separated on SDS-PAGE gels (BIO-RAD, Hercules, CA, USA) and transferred to the PVDF membrane (Biosharp, Suzhou, China). After blocking with 5% skimmed milk (BIO-RAD, Hercules, CA, USA), the membranes were incubated with the primary antibodies against GAPDH, IBA1, iNOS, and Arg-1 overnight at 4°C. After the primary antibody incubation is completed, the PVDF membranes were incubated with HRP conjugated IgG antibodies for 1 h at room temperature and analyzed by an image with a Chemiscope imaging system (CLiNX, Shanghai, China). The intensities of target protein bands were quantified and normalized by GAPDH using ImageJ (NIH, Bethesda, MD).
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6

Western Blot Analysis of Proteins

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After treatment, macrophages were washed twice with cold PBS and lysed in RIPA lysis buffer (P0013B, Beyotime) supplemented with protease inhibitor (P1050, Beyotime), phosphatase inhibitors (P1050, Beyotime) and PMSF (ST506, Beyotime). The cell lysates were sonicated twice and centrifuged at 12000 rpm, 4 °C for 10 min. The supernatant was transferred to a new tube as the total protein sample. The protein concentration was determined using a BCA protein assay kit (P0012, Beyotime). Protein (10–30 μg) was separated by SDS-PAGE and transferred to a PVDF membrane (ISEQ00010, Millipore). After being blocked with 5% skim milk, the membranes were incubated with the primary antibodies overnight at 4 °C, followed by incubation with HRP-conjugated secondary antibodies at room temperature for 2 h. The primary and secondary antibodies used for immunoblot in this study are listed in Supplementary Table I. Finally, the membranes were subjected to chemiluminescence analysis using Immobilon Western HRP substrate (WBKLS0500, Millipore) and visualized by a ChemiScope imaging system (620 T027–8Q, CLINX, Shanghai, China). The intensity of bands was analyzed by ImageJ software.
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7

Western Blotting Analytical Procedure

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Western blotting was performed according to standard procedure. Each 40 µg protein samples were loaded and separated by SDS-PAGE, and subsequently transferred onto polyvinylidene fluoride membranes. The protein-blotted membranes were incubated with primary antibodies overnight at 4 °C. HRP-conjugated secondary antibodies were incubated at room temperature for 1 h. The chemoluminescence signals were developed with Pierce ECL Western Blotting Substrate (Thermo Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA) and detected using the ChemiScope imaging system (Clinx Science, Shanghai, China). The protein expression level was quantified and normalized to β-actin as an internal reference with ImageJ software (NIH). The information of all antibodies used is listed in Supplement Table 3.
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8

Quantitative Analysis of Apoptosis Regulators

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The total protein was extracted from sheep ovine granulosa cells using RIPA cell lysate. After protein quantification, 30 μg of total protein was subjected to SDS-PAGE gel electrophoresis, transferred to a membrane, and blocked. The membrane was incubated with diluted primary antibodies for Bcl2 (1:500), Bax (1:1000), Caspase-3 (1:1000), and β-actin (1:10,000) at 4 °C overnight. After incubation with the secondary antibody at room temperature for 1 h, ECL, the membrane was incubated in a chromogenic solution for 30 s, and the protein bands were visualized using a Chemi Scope imaging system (CLiNX Science Instruments, Shanghai, China). The grayscale values of the protein bands were analyzed using ImageJ, and the relative protein expression levels were calculated using β-actin as an internal reference.
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