Rare earth nitrates Y(NO3)3·xH2O (99.9%), Yb(NO3)3·xH2O (99.9%), Er(NO3)3·5H2O (99.9%), were purchased from Alfa Aesar (http://www.alfa.com ). EDTA are purchased from Merck India. NaF and CrCl3·6H2O (98%) are procured from Sigma Aldrich and HiMedia Laboratories Pvt. Ltd, India, respectively. All other reagents are of analytical grade and are used directly without further purification.
Crcl3 6h2o
Manufactured by Merck Group
Sourced in Germany, United States
CrCl3·6H2O is a chromium(III) chloride hexahydrate compound used in various laboratory applications. It serves as a source of chromium(III) ions. The compound is a crystalline solid that is soluble in water.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Nicl2 6h2o, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Fecl3 6h2o, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Cocl2 6h2o, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Sodium hydroxide (naoh), by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Ce no3 3 6h2o, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Mncl2 4h2o, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Cdcl2, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
K2cr2o7, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Cocl2 6h2o, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Cell culture grade water, by Lonza (1 mentions)
Terephthalic acid, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
N n dimethylformamide (dmf), by Scharlab (1 mentions)
Methanol, by Scharlab (1 mentions)
Multiwave 3000, by Anton Paar (1 mentions)
2 propanol, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Nafion, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Co no3 2 6h2o, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Fe no3 3 6h2o, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Mn no3 2 6h2o, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Acetic acid, by Carl Roth (1 mentions)
13 protocols using crcl3 6h2o
1
Rare Earth Nitrate Synthesis and Characterization
2
Preparation of Metal Ion Stock Solutions
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Stock solutions of Co2+, Cr3+, and Ni2+ were prepared fresh, as previously described [37 (link)]. Briefly, CoCl2•6H2O (≥99.5% purity; Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA), CrCl3•6H2O (≥99.2% purity; Sigma-Aldrich, St Louis, MO) and NiCl2•6H2O (≥99.999% purity; Sigma-Aldrich) were dissolved in cell culture-grade water (Lonza, Walkersville, MD), and the solutions were sterilized by filtration through 0.2-μm pore size cellulose acetate syringe filters (VWR, Mississauga, ON).
3
Hydrothermal Synthesis of MIL-101(Cr) Nanocrystals
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MIL-101(Cr) NPs were crystallized
following a hydrothermal synthesis procedure:24 (link) 0.70 g of CrCl3·6H2O (≤ 98%, Sigma
Aldrich) and 0.45 g of terephthalic acid (98%, Sigma Aldrich) in 26
mL of deionized water. The obtained solution was heated at 180 °C
for 30 min in a microwave (Anton Paar, Multiwave 3000). The synthesized
nanocrystals were activated as follows: first, they were washed and
centrifuged at 10,000 rpm for 15 min with deionized water. Second,
the MOF NPs were treated with DMF (99.5%, Scharlau) at 200 °C
for 24 h. Finally, they were washed overnight with methanol (99.9%,
Scharlau) at 70 °C with two stages of washing and centrifugation
at 10,000 rpm for 15 min with methanol.
following a hydrothermal synthesis procedure:24 (link) 0.70 g of CrCl3·6H2O (≤ 98%, Sigma
Aldrich) and 0.45 g of terephthalic acid (98%, Sigma Aldrich) in 26
mL of deionized water. The obtained solution was heated at 180 °C
for 30 min in a microwave (Anton Paar, Multiwave 3000). The synthesized
nanocrystals were activated as follows: first, they were washed and
centrifuged at 10,000 rpm for 15 min with deionized water. Second,
the MOF NPs were treated with DMF (99.5%, Scharlau) at 200 °C
for 24 h. Finally, they were washed overnight with methanol (99.9%,
Scharlau) at 70 °C with two stages of washing and centrifugation
at 10,000 rpm for 15 min with methanol.
4
Synthesis of Metal Oxide Catalysts
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Co(NO3)2 · 6H2O (98%), Ce(NO3)3 · 6H2O (99.5%), Mn(NO3)2 · 6H2O (98%), Fe(NO3)3 · 6H2O (98%), CrCl3 · 6H2O (98%), KOH (99.9%), 2-Propanol, CoO (99.99%) and Co3O4 reference (99.99%) are all from Sigma-Aldrich, Germany. Acetic acid (≥99.0%) for flame spray synthesis was bought from Roth, Switzerland. Nafion (99.9%) solution was originally supplied by Sigma-Aldrich, Germany. It was mixed with NaOH (99.9%, Sigma-Aldrich, Germany) solution for Na exchange before use in electrochemical measurements.
5
Synthesis of Transition Metal Complexes
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All of the substances utilized, including 2-(4-aminophenyl)ethan-1-ol amine, 5-bromosalicylaldehyde, 5-methoxysalicylaldehyde, CrCl3.6H2O, FeCl3.6H2O and MnCl2.4H2O were of analytical quality and were acquired from Sigma Aldrich.
Supplementary file (SectionS1 ) comprises detailed information of the instruments and methods utilized for structure confirmation and application.
Supplementary file (Section
6
Synthesis and Characterization of Cobalt and Chromium Nanoparticles
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Cobalt and chromium nanoparticles were purchased from American Elements (Los Angeles, CA, USA). Cobalt nanoparticles (CoNPs) were composed of 90% cobalt and 10% cobalt (II,III) oxide with a molecular weight of 58.93 and had a diameter of 2–60 nm (data from the company). Chromium nanoparticles (CrNPs) were in the form of chromium oxide (Cr2O3) nanoparticles with a diameter of 10–30 nm (manufacturer data). Prior to use, the nanoparticles were washed in 100% ethanol for sterilisation and resuspended in sterile H20 at a concentration of 1 mg/ml using a sonicator (pulsed mode, 3 min). Stock solutions (0.1 M) of Co2+ and Cr3+ ions were freshly prepared by dissolving CoCl2·6H2O (99.5% purity; Sigma Aldrich) and CrCl3·6H2O (98% purity; Sigma Aldrich) in sterile H20. These solutions were sterilized by filtration through 0.2 μm pore size sterile syringe filter (Merck Millipore). Stock solutions of cobalt and chromium nanoparticles and ions were further diluted in cell culture medium to achieve the desired concentrations.
7
Electrochemical Water Purification Synthesis
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Salicylic
acid (≥99.0%), sodium hypochlorite (NaClO with available chlorine
4.00–4.99%), sodium nitroferricyanide, sodium citrate, NH4Cl, Ce(NO3)3·6H2O, CrCl3·6H2O, Ni(NO3)2·6H2O, Fe(NO3)3·9H2O, sulfadiazine, N-(1-napthyl)ethylenediamine dihydrochloride, vanadium(III)
chloride, HAuCl4, Na2PdCl4, and Zn(Ac)2·2H2O were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Chemical
Co., Ltd. Pluronic F-127, potassium permanganate (KMnO4), sodium sulfate (Na2SO4), and thiourea were
obtained from Alfa-aesar. Tetrahydrofuran (THF) (>99.5%), C2H5OH, 25% ammonia solution (NH4OH),
H2SO4 (98%), and HCl (37%) were purchased from
Merck. Ni
foam was procured from Fuel Cell Store.
acid (≥99.0%), sodium hypochlorite (NaClO with available chlorine
4.00–4.99%), sodium nitroferricyanide, sodium citrate, NH4Cl, Ce(NO3)3·6H2O, CrCl3·6H2O, Ni(NO3)2·6H2O, Fe(NO3)3·9H2O, sulfadiazine, N-(1-napthyl)ethylenediamine dihydrochloride, vanadium(III)
chloride, HAuCl4, Na2PdCl4, and Zn(Ac)2·2H2O were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Chemical
Co., Ltd. Pluronic F-127, potassium permanganate (KMnO4), sodium sulfate (Na2SO4), and thiourea were
obtained from Alfa-aesar. Tetrahydrofuran (THF) (>99.5%), C2H5OH, 25% ammonia solution (NH4OH),
H2SO4 (98%), and HCl (37%) were purchased from
Merck. Ni
foam was procured from Fuel Cell Store.
8
Chromium Removal from Wastewater
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All the products used were of recognized analytical quality. Chemicals used were CrCl3·6H2O (98%, Sigma Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA), HNO3 (65%, Riedel-de Haen, Buchs, Switzerland), NaOH (99%, Fluka, Honeywell, Charlotte, NC, USA), KCl (99%, Fluka), and NaNO3 (99% EPR). A stock synthetic wastewater solution was prepared by dissolving 1000 mg of CrCl3·6H2O in 1 L of double distilled water. Different solutions of concentrations varying from 5 to 75 mg/L were obtained by dilution. HNO3 (0.1 M) and NaOH (0.1 M) solutions were used to adjust the solution’s pH, measured with a Hanna pH.211 pH meter.
9
Synthesis of Metal-Organic Complexes
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All the chemicals used were analytical reagent grade (AR) and of the highest purity. The chemicals used were imidazole-2-carboxaldehyde (Sigma-Aldrich), 2,2-(ethylenedioxy)bis(ethylamine) (Sigma-Aldrich), CrCl3·6H2O, MnCl2·4H2O, and FeCl3·6H2O (Sigma-Aldrich), CoCl2·6H2O, NiCl2·6H2O, CuCl2·2H2O, and CdCl2 (Merck). Ethyl alcohol (95%) and N,N-dimethylformamide were used as organic solvents (DMF). In all the preparations, double-distilled water was widely used.
10
Chromium K-edge XANES Spectroscopy Compounds
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The following compounds were used for the chromium K-edge XANES spectroscopy measurements: CaCrO4, Cr2(SO4)3·H2O, Cr2S3 (all ABCR, Karlsruhe, Germany), CrPO4·4H2O (Alfa Aesar, Karlsruhe, Germany), Cr2O3, CrCl3·6H2O, K2Cr2O7 (all Merck, Darmstadt, Germany), K2CrO4 (AppliChem, Darmstadt, Germany), and Na2CrO4 (Acros, Geel, Belgium). Cr(OH)3 was precipitated from an aqueous solution of chromium chloride (CrCl3; p.a., Sigma-Aldrich, Australia) with ammonia. CaCr2O4, MgCr2O4, and FeCr2O4 were prepared from Cr2O3 (p.a., Merck, Darmstadt, Germany) with calcium carbonate (CaCO3; Sigma-Aldrich, Steinheim, Germany), magnesium carbonate (MgCO3; Merck, Darmstadt, Germany), and Fe3O4 (ABCR, Karlsruhe, Germany) at 1250 °C, 1000 °C, and 1500 °C, respectively, in platinum crucibles by thermal treatment (6–16 h) in a muffle furnace (Nabertherm LH 15/14, Lillenthal, Germany). Cr-substituted FeOOH was prepared after Frommer et al. (2009 (link)).
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