The electrochemical process of the GR electrode was performed by the constant potential technique from an electrolyte consisting of 0.5 mol L−1 H2SO4 in a three-electrode cell. The three-electrode cell was constructed with the above graphene electrode as the working electrode, a Pt sheet as the counter electrode and a saturated calomel electrode (SCE) as the reference electrode. The potentiostatic treatment was carried out from 1.4 V to 2.0 V for 500 s using a computer-controlled electrochemical analyzer (CHI660C, Shanghai CH instruments, China). Finally, these resultant GR-PET electrodes were cleaned with deionized water several times and dried at 60 °C in a vacuum for 24 h (Fig. 1 ).
Chi660c
Manufactured by CH Instruments
Sourced in United States, China
The CHI660C is a potentiostat/galvanostat from CH Instruments. It is capable of performing a wide range of electrochemical measurements and experiments.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Nicolet is50, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (3 mentions)
Ultra 55, by Zeiss (2 mentions)
Escalab 250xi, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions)
Lead 2 nitrate, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Dsa 100e, by Krüss (1 mentions)
D8 advance, by Bruker (1 mentions)
Spectramax i3x, by Molecular Devices (1 mentions)
Su8010, by Hitachi (1 mentions)
P 2000, by Sutter Instruments (1 mentions)
Mp230, by Mettler Toledo (1 mentions)
S 4800, by Hitachi (1 mentions)
Uric acid, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
L threonine, by Sinopharm (1 mentions)
Ascorbic acid, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Glucose, by Sinopharm (1 mentions)
L arginine, by Sinopharm (1 mentions)
Uv 2600 uv visible spectrophotometer, by Shimadzu (1 mentions)
D max rb x ray diffractometer, by Rigaku (1 mentions)
F 7000, by Hitachi (1 mentions)
H 600, by Hitachi (1 mentions)
26 protocols using chi660c
1
Graphene Electrode Electrochemical Activation
2
Electrochemical Deposition of AmNiPc
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The electrochemical
deposition of nickel(II) tetraamino-phthalocyanine
(AmNiPc) was done using a CHI 660C electrochemical workstation (CH
Instruments Inc.). AmNiPc was dissolved in 0.1 M TBABF4/DMF electrolyte solution to form 0.1 mM solution. The resulting
mixture was homogenized using ultrasonic mixing and then purged with
argon (Ar) for 15 min before the electrochemical tests. The system
consisted of three electrodes: a glassy carbon (GC, EDAQ, 1 mm dia.)
or ITO/borosilicate glass electrode (Präzisions Glas &
Optik GmbH, PGO) acting as a working electrode, Ag wire as a pseudoreference
electrode, and a GC rod applied as a counter electrode. The electrodes
were copiously rinsed with DMF and mounted in a Teflon holder prior
to use. The electrochemical deposition of AmNiPc was conducted by
means of CV with the following process parameters: the potential range:
(−1.8, 1.4) V, the scan rate: 0.1 V/s, and 3, 5, 10, or 15
scan cycles. The further investigations were conducted on the layer
obtained with 10 scan cycles (unless stated otherwise). Ferrocene
(Fc/Fc+) was used as a reference for the potential calibration.
deposition of nickel(II) tetraamino-phthalocyanine
(AmNiPc) was done using a CHI 660C electrochemical workstation (CH
Instruments Inc.). AmNiPc was dissolved in 0.1 M TBABF4/DMF electrolyte solution to form 0.1 mM solution. The resulting
mixture was homogenized using ultrasonic mixing and then purged with
argon (Ar) for 15 min before the electrochemical tests. The system
consisted of three electrodes: a glassy carbon (GC, EDAQ, 1 mm dia.)
or ITO/borosilicate glass electrode (Präzisions Glas &
Optik GmbH, PGO) acting as a working electrode, Ag wire as a pseudoreference
electrode, and a GC rod applied as a counter electrode. The electrodes
were copiously rinsed with DMF and mounted in a Teflon holder prior
to use. The electrochemical deposition of AmNiPc was conducted by
means of CV with the following process parameters: the potential range:
(−1.8, 1.4) V, the scan rate: 0.1 V/s, and 3, 5, 10, or 15
scan cycles. The further investigations were conducted on the layer
obtained with 10 scan cycles (unless stated otherwise). Ferrocene
(Fc/Fc+) was used as a reference for the potential calibration.
3
Characterization of Iridium Oxide pH Microelectrodes
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Open-circuit potentials of iridium oxide pH microelectrodes were tested against a silver chloride reference electrode in pH buffer solution in a clean room, which was maintained at about 20 °C. The potentials of the iridium oxide pH microelectrodes were measured with an electrochemical workstation (CHI 660c, CH Instrument, Austin, TX, USA). As shown in Figure 2 , the electrochemical tests all adopted a double electrode structure, and a pH meter was always used for calibration during the tests. The response time, long-term stability, reversibility, and sensitivity of the iridium oxide pH microelectrodes were examined. In pH sensitivity experiments, measurements were carried out in a series of commercial pH buffer solutions with pH values of 4.00, 6.86, and 9.18, respectively; the solutions were air-saturated without stirring. In the pH response time and long-term stability experiments, measurements were carried out in commercial pH buffer solutions with a pH value of 7.00. In reversibility experiments, measurements were carried out in a series of commercial pH buffer solutions with pH values of 1.00, 4.00, 7.00, 10.00, and 13.00, respectively, and the pH change was realized by switching the iridium oxide pH microelectrodes from one pH buffer solution to another.
4
Mannitol Effects on BBB Barrier
5
Electrochemical Evaluation of GNP Hydrogenation
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The hydrogenation ability of GNPs was evaluated by electrocatalysis of H2O2 to OH− using an electrochemical workstation (CHI660c, CH Instruments, Inc.). A glassy carbon electrode was used as the working electrode, the Pt electrode as the counter electrode and the Ag/AgCl electrode as the reference electrode. Each GNP from the library with the same concentration (1.0 mg/mL, 10 μL) was added to the polished glassy carbon electrodes. The electrochemical reactions were performed in a 0.01 M PBS solution with 0.3%, 0.6% and 0.9% H2O2 at a scan rate of 20 mV·s−1. The initial potential, the maximum potential and the minimum potential were set at 0 V, 0.6 V and −1.4 V, respectively.
6
Electrochemical Analysis using Three-Electrode System
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The electrochemical experiments were performed with a CHI-660C (CH Instruments, USA) using a three-electrode system with GC (CH Instruments, area = 0.07 cm2) or modified GC as working electrode, platinum wire as the counter electrode and Ag/AgCl as the reference electrode. Rotating disk electrode (RDE) voltammetry was conducted on a Pine Research Instrument (AFMSRCE, USA) modulated speed rotator. All electrochemical experiments were carried out at 20 °C, and the potentials were referenced to Ag/AgCl. The solutions were purged with N2 or O2 for 20–30 min before the electrochemical experiments. All potentials reported were referenced to the reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) through a RHE calibration. Eq. 1 was used to convert the obtained potential (vs. Ag/AgCl) to the RHE.
7
Electrochemical Oxidation of Baijiu
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The working electrodes
were polished using the alumina slurries (in different sizes: 1, 0.3,
and 0.05 mm) to achieve mirror-like surfaces, followed by ultrasonic
cleaning in ethanol and water. Electrochemistry was performed with
a commercial electrochemical workstation (CHI660C) at room temperature
∼298 K. All the electrodes were purchased from CH Instruments,
Shanghai, China. Chronoamperometry was used for the electrochemical
oxidation of Baijiu. In the three-electrode electrochemical system,
the polycrystalline gold electrode with a radius of 1 mm was used
as the working electrode, a platinum wire was used as the counter
electrode, and an Ag/AgCl electrode was used as the reference electrode.
An electrolytic cell with a volume of 2 mL was used. The pure liquor
(1 mL in volume) was used as the electrolyte of the three-electrode
electrochemical system.
were polished using the alumina slurries (in different sizes: 1, 0.3,
and 0.05 mm) to achieve mirror-like surfaces, followed by ultrasonic
cleaning in ethanol and water. Electrochemistry was performed with
a commercial electrochemical workstation (CHI660C) at room temperature
∼298 K. All the electrodes were purchased from CH Instruments,
Shanghai, China. Chronoamperometry was used for the electrochemical
oxidation of Baijiu. In the three-electrode electrochemical system,
the polycrystalline gold electrode with a radius of 1 mm was used
as the working electrode, a platinum wire was used as the counter
electrode, and an Ag/AgCl electrode was used as the reference electrode.
An electrolytic cell with a volume of 2 mL was used. The pure liquor
(1 mL in volume) was used as the electrolyte of the three-electrode
electrochemical system.
8
Electrochemical Characterization of BDD Electrode
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EIS measurement was performed
at room temperature using a CHI660C electrochemical workstation (CH
Instrument, Austin, TX). DPV, amperometric measurement i–t curve, and CV were used during electrochemical
measurements at ambient temperature using a CHI1040A electrochemical
workstation (CH Instrument, Austin, TX). The electrochemical cell
consists of the BDD working electrode (Windsor Scientific, Slough
Berkshire, UK), a Pt wire counter electrode (Sigma-Aldrich, Dublin,
Ireland), and a silver chloride (Ag/AgCl/3 M KCl) reference electrode
(BASi Analytical Instruments, West Layette, IN). The CV and ESI measurements
were performed in 10 mM K3Fe(CN)64–/3– supported by 0.1 M KCl. EIS was performed with AC frequency ranged
between 1 Hz and 100 kHz at +0.2 V.
at room temperature using a CHI660C electrochemical workstation (CH
Instrument, Austin, TX). DPV, amperometric measurement i–t curve, and CV were used during electrochemical
measurements at ambient temperature using a CHI1040A electrochemical
workstation (CH Instrument, Austin, TX). The electrochemical cell
consists of the BDD working electrode (Windsor Scientific, Slough
Berkshire, UK), a Pt wire counter electrode (Sigma-Aldrich, Dublin,
Ireland), and a silver chloride (Ag/AgCl/3 M KCl) reference electrode
(BASi Analytical Instruments, West Layette, IN). The CV and ESI measurements
were performed in 10 mM K3Fe(CN)64–/3– supported by 0.1 M KCl. EIS was performed with AC frequency ranged
between 1 Hz and 100 kHz at +0.2 V.
9
Characterization of SWCNT-AgNW Hybrid Film
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The sheet resistance of SWCNT-AgNW hybrid film on UV cured resin was measured with a Keithlink four-point probe station (probe spacing 1.6 mm, probe pin diameter 40 μm). The surface morphology of the hybrid film was performed using a scanning electron microscope (FESEM, JOEL, JSM-6700F) with an accelerating voltage of 5 kV. The surface roughness was measured with a MFP3D AFM microscope under tapping mode. Raman spectroscopy was conducted using a Renishaw Raman microscope with 633 nm laser wavelength. Transmittance spectra were measured using a Varian Carry 5000 UV-vis-NIR spectrophotometer. Cyclic voltametric measurements were performed using an electrochemical workstation (CHI660c, CH instruments) with two electrode configuration in 1 M Na2SO4 electrolyte. Bending test for the SWCNT-AgNW-resin hybrid film was performed using a glass vial of 16 mm diameter. The hybrid film used to place on the circumference of the glass vial for a required number of cycles and measured the sheet resistance.
10
Bismuth Film Characterization Protocols
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Bismuth(III) nitrate pentahydrate (Cat. # 383074) and lead(II) nitrate (Cat. # 228621) were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Iron(III) sulfate pentahydrate (Cat. #AC345231000), nickel(II) sulfate hexahydrate (Cat. # N73-100), copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate (Cat. # BP346), magnesium(II) sulfate heptahydrate (Cat. # M63), sodium chloride (Cat. # S271), potassium hydroxide pellets (Cat. #P1767), concentrated H2SO4 95.0 to 98.0 w/w % (Cat. # A300) and concentrated HNO3 70% w/w % (Cat. # A200) were received from Fisher Scientific (Pittsburgh, PA, USA). A CHI 660C (CH Instrument, Inc., Austin, TX, USA) Electrochemical Workstation was used for DPV and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) investigations. Similar Model CHI 660 A-E Electrochemical Workstations could also be used. All the experiments were conducted at room temperature. Characterization of the bismuth film was performed using a PHI TRIFT V nanoTOF Time-of-Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometer (TOF-SIMS) and a PHI Versaprobe 5000 Scanning X-ray Photoelectron Spectrometer (XPS).
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