Hydroxylamine hcl

Stock solutions of BSA-conjugated FAs or PacFA^{23 (link)} (Avanti Polar Lipids, 900401P) were prepared in 0.15 M NaCl containing 10% (wt/vol) BSA (essentially FA free) at final concentrations of 5 or 10 mM^{54 (link)}. A stock solution of hydroxylamine HCl (2 M, Sigma-Aldrich, 159417) was freshly prepared in water and was adjusted to pH7.5 with NaOH. A stock solution of azathioprine (Sigma-Aldrich, A4638) was prepared in 0.1 M NaOH at a final concentration of 5 mM. Stock solutions of PalmB (20 mM, Merck, 178501), PP2 (20 mM, MCE, HY-13805), ML348 (10 mM, MCE, HY-100736), SP600125 (20 mM, ApexBIO, A4604), Dyngo4a (2 mM, Abcam, ab120689), and piceatannol (40 mM, MCE, HY-13518) were made up in DMSO. Bafetinib (Efebio, E074675) and entospletinib (Efebio, E012515) were prepared in 0.5% methyl cellulose in saline right before the oral gavage.

All of the bacteria stocks used in the study, including E. coli H10407 (ATCC 35401) and 25922 (ATCC 25922) were either purchased from the American Type Culture Collection (Manassas, VA) or frozen stocks of clinical isolates stored in our laboratory. Brain heart infusion (BHI) medium was purchased from Becton Dickinson (Cockeysville, MD). Hydroxylamine-HCl and l-tryptophan were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). Anaerobic growth conditions were maintained at an atmosphere of 10% H₂, 5% CO₂, and 85% N₂ in a Bactron-600 anaerobic chamber (Sheldon Manufacturing, Inc., Cornelius, OR).