PAA solution (39% PAA and 6% H2O2w/w), hydrogen peroxide solution (30% H2O2w/w), sulfamethoxazole (SMX), cobaltous sulfate (CoSO4), cobaltous acetylacetonate (Co(C5H7O2)2), and cobaltic acetylacetonate (Co(C5H7O2)3) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Oxone (KHSO5·0.5KHSO4·0.5K2SO4) and lanthanum nitrate hexahydrate (La(NO3)3·6H2O) were purchased from Aladdin Industrial Corporation. Cobalt nitrate hexahydrate (Co(NO3)2·6H2O), citric acid monohydrate (C6H8O7·H2O), sodium sulfate (Na2SO4), sodium nitrate (NaNO3), sodium chloride (NaCl), sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3), ascorbic acid (AA), methanol (MeOH), and tert-butanol (TBA) were purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd., China. All solutions were prepared with ultrapure water from a Milli-Q academic (Millipore) system (MILLI-Q® INTEGRAL 5, 18.2 MΩ cm).
Sulfamethoxazole smx
Manufactured by Merck Group
Sourced in United States
Sulfamethoxazole (SMX) is a synthetic antimicrobial agent used as a laboratory reagent. It is a white crystalline powder that is soluble in organic solvents. SMX functions as an inhibitor of bacterial dihydropteroate synthase, which is an enzyme involved in the synthesis of folate. This inhibition disrupts bacterial metabolism and can lead to cell death.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Milli q system, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Trimethoprim, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Erythromycin etm, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Methanol, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Hydrogen peroxide solution, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Milli q academic, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Tert butanol tba, by Sinopharm (1 mentions)
Paa solution, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Sodium carbonate solution, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Pentamidine, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Atovaquone, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Dimethyl sulfoxide (dmso), by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Hydrochloric acid (hcl), by Chempur (1 mentions)
Sulfuric acid, by Chempur (1 mentions)
Analytical grade methanol, by Chempur (1 mentions)
Acetonitrile hypergrade, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Oasis hlb cartridge, by Waters Corporation (1 mentions)
Formic acid, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Thioglycolic acid, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Fecl3 6h2o, by Daejung Chemicals (1 mentions)
11 protocols using sulfamethoxazole smx
1
Photocatalytic Degradation of Sulfamethoxazole
2
Synthesis and Analysis of Benzotriazoles
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1-H-benzotriazole (BTri) and tolyltriazole (TTri), consisting of 4-tolyltriazole (4-TTri) and 5-tolyltriazole (5-TTri) (40%/60%, w/w), were provided by Cimachem GmbH (Kirchheimbolanden, Germany). 5-TTri, 4-TTri (as separate compounds) and sulfamethoxazole (SMX) were obtained from Sigma Aldrich (Steinheim, Germany) as well as sodium carbonate solution and toluene. All other chemicals were purchased from Merck KGaA (Darmstadt, Germany). High-purity water used for media, solutions, buffers, and analyses was prepared by a Milli-Q system (Millipore, Billerica, MA, USA). All used glassware was from Schott AG (Mainz, Germany) and pre-cleaned by an alkaline detergent (neodisher®, VWR Darmstadt, Germany) followed by autoclaving for 20 min at 121°C.
3
Preparation of Antimicrobial Drug Combinations
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Trimethoprim (TMP), pentamidine and atovaquone (Sigma-Aldrich, France) were dissolved in 100% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO, Sigma Aldrich, St. Louis, Missouri) to produce a 90 mM stock solution. Sulfamethoxazole (SMX, Sigma-Aldrich, France) was also dissolved in DMSO but at a concentration of 600 mM. TMP and SMX solutions were mixed appropriately to obtain a final combination of 1:5. Finally, the drug stock solutions were diluted in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium (DMEM, BioWhittaker Europe, Verviers, Belgium) supplemented with 10% heat-inactivated fetal calf serum (FCS, GIBCO BRL, Life Technologies Inc., France) to produce the required drug concentrations. Compound solutions were prepared immediately before use.
4
Quantitative Analysis of Sulfonamide and Trimethoprim
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Analytical standards of sulfamethoxazole (SMX) and trimethoprim (TRI) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Hypergrade acetonitrile, formic acid, and water were purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Analytical-grade methanol, hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, and disodium phosphate were purchased from CHEMPUR (Piekary Śląskie, Poland). Analytical-grade acetic acid was purchased from POCH S.A. (Gliwice, Poland). Analytical-grade acetonitrile was purchased from Eurochem (Tarnów, Poland). Analytical-grade citric acid, formic acid, and acetic acid were purchased from ChemLand (Stargard, Poland). Analytical-grade sodium hydroxide was purchased from POCH S.A. (Gliwice, Poland). Oasis HLB cartridges of varying masses of sorbent (500 mg, 6 mL; 400 mg, 6 mL; 200 mg, 3 mL) from Waters (Eschborn, Germany) were used for solid-phase extraction.
5
Enzyme-Catalyzed Polymer Functionalization
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FeCl2·4H2O, FeCl3·6H2O, glutaraldehyde, and NH3·H2O were obtained from Daejung Chemicals, Sheung-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea. Chitosan (CTNs, low molecular weight), guaiacol (GUA, assay ≥ 98%), 2,2-Azino-bis(3 ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium (ABTS, Liquid Substrate System), laccase from Trametes Versicolor (powder), N,N-dimethylformamide (99.8% DMF), thioglycolic acid (≥98%), N-hydroxysuccinimide (≥97.0% (titration) NHS), N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N’-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (≥98% (titration), EDAC.HCl), and sulfamethoxazole (SMX) were obtained by the Sigma Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA.
6
Quantitative Analysis of Pharmaceuticals
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All of the chemicals used in this study were reagent grade or higher. Tetracycline hydrochloride (TC) and sulfamethoxazole (SMX) were purchased from Sigma Co. (St. Louis, USA). Oxalic acid dihydrate (C2H2O4·2H2O) and disodium hydrogen phosphate anhydrous (Na2HPO4) were from Panreac Chemical Co. (Saxony-Anhalt, Germany); EDTA·2Na (C10H14N2O8Na2·2H2O) was from Fluka Chemika (Buchs, Switzerland). Solutions were freshly prepared in ultra-pure water (resistivity >17 MΩ cm).
7
Antibiotic Standards Characterization Protocol
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The selected antibiotic standards including sulfona m i d e s ( s u l f a m e t h a z i n e ( S M Z ) a n d sulfamethoxazole (SMX)), sulfonamide synergists (trimethoprim (TMP)), fluoroquinolones (ofloxacin (OFL) and ciprofloxacin (CIP)), and macrolides (erythromycin (ETM) and roxithromycin (RTM)) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Company (USA). The physicochemical properties of the seven antibiotics are shown in Table S1. The target antibiotics were dissolved in methanol (ACS, USA) with a concentration of 50 mg L -1 . It should be noted that erythromycin was detected as its dehydration product (ETM-H 2 O). The solution of ETM-H 2 O was prepared by acidification using the method by Mcardell et al. (2003) . These stock solutions were stored at 4 °C until used. The standards, sulfadimoxine-d6 (SDM-d6) and simatone (SMT) were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich Company (USA). Methanol and acetonitrile were HPLC grade and were obtained from Anaqua Chemicals Supply (ACS, USA). Ultrapure water (MQ) was obtained from a Milli-Q water purification system (Millipore, Billerica, MA, USA). The other chemicals and solvents used in this study were of analytical grade or above.
8
Antibiotic Mixture Treatment Preparation
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Sulfamethoxazole (SMX), danofloxacin (DAN), and erythromycin (ETM) (all > 98% purity) were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO) (Table 2 ). Stock solution (1 mg/L) was added to filtered surface water to yield an initial concentration of 10 μg/L for each antibiotic treatment. Mixture treatments consisted of each antibiotic having an initial concentration of 10 μg/L.
9
Cobalt-Catalyzed PAN Degradation of SMX
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Polyacrylonitrile (PAN, Mw=150,000) (Sigma-Aldrich), cobalt(II) nitrate hexahydrate (Co(NO 3 ) 2 ×6H 2 O) (Sigma-Aldrich) and Dimethylformamide (DMF) (VWR) were used for the dope solution preparation. Peroxymonosulfate (PMS) (Alfa Aesar) was used as the oxidant and sulfamethoxazole (SMX) (Sigma-Aldrich) was chosen as the target organic pollutant in the catalytic degradation process. Glacial acetic acid (C 2 H 4 O 2 ) and methanol (CH 4 O) were provided by Sigma-Aldrich and used for the mobile phase in SMX detection. All chemicals used in the current study were of reagent grade or higher and were used as received.
10
Photocatalytic Degradation of Organic Pollutants
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Carbamazepine (CBZ), Diclofenac (DCF) and Sulfamethoxazole (SMX), all high purity grade (>99%), were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Peracetic Acid (PAA) solution, containing 30% w/w of PAA and 4.5 % w/w of H 2 O 2 was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich and used as obtained. Sodium thiosulfate (Na 2 S 2 O 3 , 99% w/w) and bovin liver catalase were used, as received from Sigma-Aldrich. Titanium IV oxysulfate (Riedel-de-Haën, Germany) was used, as obtained from the manufacturer.
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