A gel permeation chromatography system was used to analyze the molecular weight distribution before and after in vitro digestion of Chickso, Hanwoo, and Wagyu loin and shank peptide extracts. Specifically, an ACQUITY APC System (Waters, Milford, MA, USA) with an Xbridge Protein BEH SEC column (Xbridge Protein, San Jose, CA, USA) was used for the analysis. All samples were filtered with a 0.2 μm syringe filter before use. Deionized water (A) and MeOH (B) were used as mobile phase solvents; the composition was 90% A and 10% B and the flow rate was 0.7 mL/min.
Acquity apc system
Manufactured by Waters Corporation
Sourced in United States
The ACQUITY APC System is a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) instrument designed for the separation and analysis of a wide range of molecular species. It features advanced features for efficient and accurate sample handling, detection, and data processing.
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6 protocols using acquity apc system
1
Molecular Weight Analysis of Meat Peptides
2
Measuring GLP-1 and GLP-2 Molecular Weights
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The molecular weights of GLP-1 and GLP-2 were measured by high-performance gel permeation chromatography (HPGPC), which was performed on a Waters ACQUITY APC system (Milford, MA, USA). The column was a serially linked combination of Waters ACQUITY APC AQ 900 and ACQUITY APC AQ 450 column (2.5 μm × 4.6 mm × 150 mm, Milford, MA, USA). Samples were eluted using NaNO3 (100 mM) solution at a flow rate of 0.4 mL/min. The column’s temperature was maintained at 35 °C. The molecular weights of GLP-1 and GLP-2 were calculated based on the calibration curve, which was obtained from dextran standards with different molecular weights (5.2, 11.6, 23.8, 48.6, 148, 273, 410, 668 kDa).
3
Characterization of Nanostructured Ionogels
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The morphologies were examined by scanning electron microscope (SEM, Hitachi Regulus 8230) at an acceleration voltage of 3 kV. The surface nanostructure was captured by atomic force microscope (AFM, MFP-3D BIO, Oxford Instruments). The transparency of ionogel films (thickness ~500 μm) was evaluated using a UV-visible spectrophotometer (Lambda 950, Perkin Elmer). DSC measurements were performed on TA DSC250 at a scanning rate of 20 °C min−1. The self-healing images were taken on an optical microscope (Olympus BX53-P). The rheological properties of the ionogel films (thickness ~1 mm) were investigated by a Thermo Scientific HAAKE MARS modular advanced rheometer using the 25 mm parallel-plate geometry. Tensile curves were recorded on a universal mechanical test machine (UTM2103, Shenzhen Suns technology) at ambient conditions. Electrochemical impedance measurements were conducted on an electrochemical workstation (CHI760E) by sandwiching polymer films in a symmetric stainless steel coin cell to evaluate ionic conductivities. The contact impedance of electrode-skin was measured by an electrochemical workstation (CHI760E) in the range from 0.1 Hz to 10 kHz with the applied voltage of 200 mV. The molecular weight of the copolymer in the ionogel was determined by gel permeation chromatography (GPC, Waters ACQUITY APC System) with tetrahydrofuran as the eluent.
4
Characterization of PC and CPE Polymers
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A commercially available PC (Iupilon S3000, Mitsubishi Engineering-Plastics Corp., Tokyo, Japan) was employed. The number- and weight-average molecular weights of PC, evaluated by size exclusion chromatography (Acquity APC System, Waters Corp., Milford, MA, USA) with polystyrene standards, were Mn = 2.0 × 104 and Mw = 4.2 × 104, respectively. Furthermore, a commercially available copolyester (CPE), poly(1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol-co-2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-1,3-cyclobutanediol-co-terephthalate), produced by the Eastman Chemical Company (Kingsport, TN, USA) as TritanTM, was another polymer used in this study. The average molecular weights of CPE were evaluated by size exclusion chromatography (GPC-104, Shoko Science Co., Ltd., Yokohama, Japan) with PMMA standards, and they were found to be Mn = 5.7 × 103 and Mw = 1.3 × 104. The monomer composition in CPE, determined by 13C-nuclear magnetic resonance, was as follows: 52.8 mol% of terephthalic acid, 36.7 mol% of 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol, and 10.5 mol% of 2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-1,3-cyclobutanediol.
5
Copolymer Molar Mass Distribution Analysis
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Molar mass distributions of the triblock copolymers
were determined by SEC using THF with 1% v/v acetic acid as the eluent.
Measurements were performed on a Waters ACQUITY APC system equipped
with a refractive index detector. Separations were carried out using
a set of 150 mm XT columns (45, 125, and 450 Å) at a flow rate
of 1.0 mL min–1. All the samples were filtered through
0.2 μm PTFE membrane filters prior to analysis and measured
relative to low-dispersity polystyrene (PSt) standards with peak molar
masses ranging from 580 to 8 000 000 Da.
were determined by SEC using THF with 1% v/v acetic acid as the eluent.
Measurements were performed on a Waters ACQUITY APC system equipped
with a refractive index detector. Separations were carried out using
a set of 150 mm XT columns (45, 125, and 450 Å) at a flow rate
of 1.0 mL min–1. All the samples were filtered through
0.2 μm PTFE membrane filters prior to analysis and measured
relative to low-dispersity polystyrene (PSt) standards with peak molar
masses ranging from 580 to 8 000 000 Da.
6
Molar Mass Analysis of Acetylated Lignin-TOFA
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Molar masses of acetylated
lignin–TOFA and starting lignin acetylated in the presence
of TOFA (roughly 50 wt %) were analyzed using SEC. The Waters Acquity
APC system was used for the analysis (Waters Corporation, Milford,
MA, USA), equipped with Acquity APC XT columns 45, 200, and 450 Å,
and using 30 °C as the column oven temperature. Sample concentration
was 1 mg mL–1 in tetrahydrofuran (THF). Samples
were filtered through a 0.2 μm syringe filter (GHP Acrodisc
13 mm, Pall Corp., Ann Arbor, MI, USA) before injection (50 μL).
Total run time was 12 min, with a flow rate of 0.8 mL min–1. Molar masses were evaluated using data from the UV range (254 nm),
and the following polystyrene standards were used for calibration:
474, 840, 2500, 5010, 13,300, 32,300, 43,400, 76,000, and 139,400
Da (Polystyrene Calibration Kit, Scientific Polymer Products, Inc.)
along with 321,000 and 526,000 Da (Fluka).
lignin–TOFA and starting lignin acetylated in the presence
of TOFA (roughly 50 wt %) were analyzed using SEC. The Waters Acquity
APC system was used for the analysis (Waters Corporation, Milford,
MA, USA), equipped with Acquity APC XT columns 45, 200, and 450 Å,
and using 30 °C as the column oven temperature. Sample concentration
was 1 mg mL–1 in tetrahydrofuran (THF). Samples
were filtered through a 0.2 μm syringe filter (GHP Acrodisc
13 mm, Pall Corp., Ann Arbor, MI, USA) before injection (50 μL).
Total run time was 12 min, with a flow rate of 0.8 mL min–1. Molar masses were evaluated using data from the UV range (254 nm),
and the following polystyrene standards were used for calibration:
474, 840, 2500, 5010, 13,300, 32,300, 43,400, 76,000, and 139,400
Da (Polystyrene Calibration Kit, Scientific Polymer Products, Inc.)
along with 321,000 and 526,000 Da (Fluka).
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