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17 protocols using absolute ethanol

1

Synthesis of Poly(Lactic Acid) Nanocomposites

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PLA (optical purity >99%, Mn = 47 kg/mol, DPI = 2.61) was supplied
by Zhejiang
Haizheng Biomaterials Co., Ltd. Silver nitrate (AgNO3)
was obtained from Beijing TongGuang Fine Chemicals Company. The acrylic
acid (AAc) monomer was obtained from Tianjin Fuchen Reagent Factory.
Absolute ethanol was purchased from Beijing Chemical Factory. All
reagents and solvents were analytical-grade chemicals and were used
directly without further purification.
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2

Characterization of Ginkgo Seeds

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G. sinensis and G. microphylla seeds were supplied by Shexian Forestry Bureau in Hebei, China. The samples were collected in December 2012. They were manually separated and kept in a cool and dry place for further use. Moisture content of the whole seed was dried at (105 ± 2 °C) for constant weight (10.0% (w/w)). The standard monosaccharides (l-rhamnose, l-arabinose, d-glucose, d-galactose, d-mannose, and d-xylose) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Saint Quentin Fallavier, France). Dextran standards (DXT3k, DXT25k, DXT160k, DXT760k, and DXT1185k) with an average molecular weight range of 3.7 × 103~1.2 × 106 Da were purchased from TosoHaas (Tokyo, Japan). Absolute ethanol and isopropanol were purchased from Beijing Chemical Works (Beijing, China). Calcium carbonate and concentrated sulfuric acid were all purchased from China National Pharmaceutical Group Corporation (Shanghai, China). Syringe filters were supplied by Tianjin branch billion Lung Experiment Equipment Co. Ltd., (Tianjin, China).
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3

Brass Mesh Substrates for Catalysis

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Brass meshes (copper: 64 wt%, zinc: 36 wt%) (mesh number: 50, 100, 200, 300) were used as the substrates. KOH and K2S2O8 were purchased from Xilong (AR, China), and absolute ethanol and nano SiO2 particles were purchased from Beijing Chemical works (AR, China). The sizes of the corresponding mesh numbers are shown in Table 1.
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4

Synthesis of Cadmium Sulfide Nanostructures

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Cadmium chloride (CdCl2·2.5H2O, AR) and absolute ethanol were purchased from Beijing Chemical Works (China). Ethylene glycol (EG, HOCH2CH2OH, AR) and tetrabutyl titanate (TBT, 98%) were purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co. Ltd. Acetic acid (CH3COOH, AR) was purchased from Tianjin Deen Chemical Reagent Co. Ltd. Silver nitrate (AgNO3, AR) and thioacetamide (TAA) were purchased from Aladdin. RhB (AR) was purchased from Tianjin Kemiou Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd.
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5

Corrosion Inhibition of Mild Steel

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Analytical grade β-CD, CA, glutaraldehyde, and D2O were obtained commercially from Innochem Company (Beijing, China). The absolute ethanol, NaCl, and Na2CO3 provided by Beijing Chemical Works (Beijing, China) were also of analytical purity. All chemicals were used as received without further purification.
The lab-made deionized water with a resistivity of 18.2 MΩ·cm (25 °C) was used to prepare all solutions in this study. As a special case, 3.5% NaCl (mass ratio) solution, employed as the corrosive medium, was prepared by dissolving solid NaCl in the deionized water. Q235A mild steel coupons with a dimension of 5.0 × 2.5 × 0.2 cm3 (Tianjin Institute of Chemical Research and Design, Tianjin, China) were used as the metal substrates, the composition of which is listed in Table S1.
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6

Synthesis of Phosphorus-Nitrogen Compounds

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Monoammonium phosphate (MAP), melamine, and sodium carbonate were provided by Tianjin Guangfu Fine Chemical Research Institute. Formaldehyde (37%) was purchased from Xilong Chemical Co. Ltd., Guangzhou, China. Absolute ethanol and acetic acid (36 wt%) were purchased from Beijing Chemical Works. Raw materials were of analytical grade and were used without further purification.
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7

Polystyrene-based Photocatalytic Nanocomposite

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Polystyrene (PS) was provided by Shanghai Youngling Electromechanical Technology Co., Ltd (the PS with Mw = 150 000 g mol−1). Tetrabutyl titanate (TBOT 97%), N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), methylene blue (MB), benzoquinone (BQ), and isopropanol (IPA) and triethanolamine (TEA) were purchased from Aladdin Industrial Corporation. Absolute ethanol, oxalic acid (H2C2O4), glucose, sodium molybdate (Na2MoO4·2H2O) and thiourea (CSN2H4, 99%) were bought from Beijing chemical works. All chemicals were of analytic grade and without further purification.
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8

Whey Protein and Glutathione Antioxidant Assessment

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Whey protein concentrate (WPC) was provided by Fonterra Co-operative Group (Auckland, New Zealand). GSH at purity of 98.7% was obtained from Kyowa Hakko Bio Co., Ltd (Tokyo, Japan). The GSH powder was stored in the dark to avoid oxidation. A reduced glutathione assay kit (A006-2-1), total antioxidative capacity measurement kit (ABTS method) (A015-2-1) were purchased from Nanjing Jiancheng bioengineering institute (Nanjing, China). Pentobarbital sodium, formalin and absolute ethanol were provided by Beijing chemical Works (Beijing, China).
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9

Synthesis of Cerium Oxide Nanocomposites

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Cerium nitrate hexahydrate (Ce(NO3)3·6H2O, ≥99.95%) and commercial ceria (CeO2, 99.5%) were obtained from Aladdin Industrial Corporation. Tetraethoxysilane (TEOS, AP), hexamethylenetetramine (HMT, ≥99%), N-hexadecane (HD, ≥98%), sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS, CP), and acrylic acid (AA) were bought from Xilong Chemical Co., Ltd (Guangzhou, China). Sodium bicarbonate (≥99.5%), ammonia (25 wt%), hydrogen peroxide (≥30%), and absolute ethanol were obtained from Beijing Chemical Works. 3-Methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (MPS) and dodecafluoroheptyl methacrylate (DFMA) were purchased from Nanjing Xiangqian Chemical Co., Ltd and Harbin Xeogia Fluorine-Silicon Chemical Co., Ltd, respectively. All the above reagents were used as received.
Methyl methacrylate (MMA) and butyl acrylate (BA) were used as monomers which were purified using a neutral alumina column to eliminate inhibitors before use. Ammonium persulfate (APS) was obtained from Tianjin Bodi Chemical Co., Ltd, and was recrystallized before use. SiO2 with a mean diameter of 310 nm was synthesized in our lab using the Störber method.32 (link) Deionized water and absolute ethanol were used in all processes.
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10

Surface Functionalization for Biosensing

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3-Aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (APTMS), 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (DHB), Trifluoroacetic acid (TFA), bovine serum albumin (BSA), human serum albumin (HSA), transferring, immunoglobulin G (IgG), Acetonitrile (ACN), and 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide (EDC) hydrochloride were purchased from Sigma (St. Louis, Mo, USA). 11-mercaptoundecanoic acid (MUA) was obtained from Aldrich (Milwaukee, WI, USA). N-Hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) was purchased from Acros (New Jersey, USA). HAuCl4 was purchased from J&K Scientific Ltd. (Beijing, China). NaOH, NaCl, HCl, HNO3, absolute ethanol, methanol, ethanolamine (EOA) were of analytical reagent grade from Beijing Chemical Works (Beijing, China). Antibody of human insulin was purchased from the Cell Signaling Technology, Inc. ITO slides (10 Ω/sq) were purchased from Kaivo Electronic Components Co., Ltd. (Zhuhai, China). All reagents and solvents were used as received. Triply distilled water was used for the preparation of all solutions and rinsing.
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