Zinc nitrate hexahydrate zn no3 2 6h2o

Transparent fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) conductive glass was cleaned by acetone, methanol, and deionized water in ultrasonic oscillator to remove contaminations on surfaces. The FTO substrate was then put into Teflon beaker and thermal evaporated 0.2 ml octadecyltrimethoxysilane (ODS; CH₃(CH₂)₁₇Si(OCH₃)₃, Acros, Geel, Belgium) by using autoclave at 150 °C for 1 h. After that, an ODS-treated surface of FTO glass substrate was obtained. The purpose of this treatment is to enhance the following growth of ZnO microrods. The aqueous solutions composed of 0.06 M of zinc nitrate hexahydrate (Zn(NO₃)₂·6H₂O, Alfa Aesar, Ward Hill, MA, USA) and 0.03 M of hexamethylenetetramine (CH₂)₆N₄; HMT, Hayashi Pure Chemical Industry Co., Ltd, Osaka, Japan) were mixed in a rectangle Teflon beaker. The solution was designed to be a zinc-rich ambience. The FTO glass was put into the rectangular Teflon beaker vertically at temperatures 90 °C for 12 h. After 12 h, the beaker was moved to 45 °C environment for 0 to 6 h to study the effect of retention. The temperature of the solution during retention as a function of time is shown in Fig. 1. At last, the samples were taken out from the beaker, then subsequently rinsed with deionized water to remove residual chemicals and finally baked at 150 °C for 1 h to remove water.Fig. 1

The real temperature of reaction solution during retention

For ZnA-SiO₂ synthesis, precipitated SiO₂ Rhodia Zeosil MP1165 (BET
specific surface area, 160 m² g^–1) was
obtained from Rhodia; (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (H₂N(CH₂)₃Si(OC₂H₅)₃, APTES, 99%) was purchased from Sigma Aldrich; zinc nitrate
hexahydrate (Zn(NO₃)₂·6H₂O,
99%) and toluene (99%) were from Alfa Aesar; anhydrous ethanol (EtOH,
99.9%) was purchased from Exacta+Optech Labcenter.
For the preparation
of rubber NCs, cis-1,4-polyisoprene rubber (IR) was
purchased from Nizhnekamskneftekhim Export; bis(3-triethoxysilylpropyl)disulfide
(TESPD) was from Aldrich; antioxidant N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N′-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine (6PPD),
Santoflex-6PPD, was from Flexsys. The curing agents were purchased
as follows: SA (Stearina TP8) from Undesa; N-cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazole
sulfenamide (CBS), Vulkacit CZ/X from Lanxess; sulfur Creso from Redball
Superfine; ZnO (wurtzite, specific surface area, 5 m² g^–1) from Zincol Ossidi; N-cyclohexyl
thiophthalimide (PVI) from Solutia.
For MCV analysis, 2,3-dimethyl-2-butene
(TME, ≥98%), water
for HPLC, and SA (98.5%) were obtained from Sigma Aldrich.

PEGDE (M_n = 500), 1‐(3‐aminopropyl) imidazole, Na‐CMC (M_w = 250 000), and PVDF (M_w = 534 000) were purchased from Sigma‐Aldrich (USA). Ethanol was purchased from Samchun (South Korea). Zinc nitrate hexahydrate (Zn(NO₃)₂∙6H₂O) was purchased from Alfa Aesar (USA). The average particle size of the Si/C composite was 10 µm. Super P was purchased from Timcal (Switzerland). A dialysis membrane tube with a molecular weight cut‐off of 1 kDa was purchased from Membrane Filtration Products, Inc. (USA). N‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidone (NMP) was purchased from Junsei (Japan).