Axiom artis dba

All procedures were performed in our hospital’s angiographic examination room by two or more radiologists including at least one board-certified interventional radiologist who was familiar with the following PVP procedure using biplane fluoroscopic angiography equipment (Axiom Artis dBA; Siemens Healthcare GmbH, Erlangen, Germany) and interventional CT (IVR-CT) (SOMATOM, Sensation, OPEN; Siemens Healthcare GmbH, Erlangen, Germany).

DSA was performed on a biplane angiography system (Axiom Artis dBA, Siemens Healthcare GmbH, Erlangen, Germany) using a diagnostic catheter on a standard transfemoral route. Posteroanterior, lateral, and oblique 2D projections and a 3D rotational angiography of the IAs were acquired using a standard protocol (5s-DSA, Siemens Healthcare GmbH, Erlangen, Germany) with manual injection of 10 mL contrast agent (Imeron 400, Bracco Imaging, Konstanz, Germany).

For all 474 patients included in this study, FDCT examination was performed in the angiographic suite directly after EVT. This imaging covered the whole brain and did not involve additional administration of a contrast medium for the FDCT. All FDCT data were acquired via dedicated angiographic systems (Axiom Artis dBA or Axiom Artis Zee Zeego; Siemens Healthineers, Forchheim, Germany) using the 20sDR-H programme (DynaCT, Siemens AG Healthcare Sector, Forchheim, Germany; acquisition time 20 s, matrix 512, projection on 30 × 40 cm flat-panel size, total angle 217°). Reconstruction was performed in transversal angulation (angulated in relation to the base of the skull) with a slice thickness of 4.8 mm and without gaps between slices. Post-processing took place in an optimised soft tissue kernel (W380 C80).

All image data were acquired with 3-dimensional rotational cerebral angiography (Axiom Artis dBA; Siemens Medical Solutions, Erlangen, Germany) with 1.5-degree rotation, 8-second-rotational image acquisition and 29 frames per second. Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine(DICOM) format of the source image for each patient was obtained and imported into Materialise Mimics software (version 20.0; Materialise NV, Leuven, Belgium) for geometry reconstruction. Based on our previous work [11 (link)], we used threshold segmentation to obtain 3-dimensional geometry and a cropping method to designate the desired region of vessels. Images of small and unnecessary branches were removed and truncated for CFD analysis, and a smoothing method was used for rough and sharp surfaces of the reconstructed 3-dimensional geometry. The regenerated model was saved in a Standard Triangle Language format file for CFD simulation.

Between July 2012 and March 2015, a total of 379 aneurysms were treated with coil embolization at the Jikei University Hospital. Of 287 patients with follow-up angiography after one year, 93 (100 aneurysms) who also underwent TR-MRA were included. The hospital’s institutional review board (IRB) approved the study.
Endovascular coil embolization of each aneurysm was done using the angiographic system, AXIOM Artis dBA^® (Siemens Healthcare GmbH, Erlangen, Germany). For those with wide neck aneurysms, the double catheter technique or balloon-assisted technique was primarily used, while the stent-assisted technique was selected as a rescue plan in case other techniques failed to prevent coil herniation into the parent artery. This work was approved by the ethics committee of the Jikei University School of Medicine. The approval number is clinical research 27–236 (8121). Both verbal and written consent was obtained for all patients before the treatment.

Digital subtraction angiography was performed using AXIOM Artis dBa (Siemens, Erlangen, Germany). All catheterizations were performed using a transfemoral approach with standard diagnostic catheters. After aortic arch injection, selective supra-aortic (carotid and subclavian) artery injections were performed. Angiography was interpreted by two experienced neurointerventionalists, who had at least 5 years of experience in endovascular interventional therapy. If their results were inconsistent, the final decision was made by another senior neurointerventionalist, who had 12 years of endovascular interventional therapy experience. All the neurointerventionalists were blinded to the ultrasound examination findings. The information about VA was recorded, including the location and degree of stenosis or occlusion, retrograde flow, diameter, and previous stenting. VA stenosis was defined using the North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial criteria, comparing the narrowest point of stenosis to the distal normal-appearing segment of the artery (18 (link)). The degree of extracranial VA stenosis was subdivided into three categories, namely, normal, ≥50%, and ≥70%. VA hypoplasia was defined as VA diameter ≤2.5 mm in the V1 and V2 segments and slimness or absence of the whole VA, or an asymmetry ratio ≥1:1.7 (19 (link)).