Dts software

The zeta potential gives an indication of the charge acquired by a particulate system on its suspension in aqueous medium. The zeta potential of the nanoparticles was determined using DTS software (Malvern Instruments Limited, Malvern, UK) based on M3-PALS technology. The concentration of the AmB–PGA formulation used was 10⁻⁴ M. Particle size was determined by photon correlation spectroscopy (90Plus/BI-MAS, Brookhaven Instruments, Holtville, NY, USA). Samples were filtered using a 0.22 μm syringe filter (polyethersulfone, Millipore) to remove contamination with dust particles. Dynamic light scattering measurements were carried out using DynaPro-TC-04 equipment (Protein Solutions, Wyatt Technology, Santa Barbara, CA, USA) equipped with a temperature-controlled microsampler. The size and surface morphology of the AmB-loaded nanoparticles were characterized using an electron microscope (CM-10, Philips, Hamburg, Germany). For transmission electron microscopy studies, the AmB–PGA formulation was used at a concentration of 10 μg/mL AmB equivalents in double-distilled water. The details of these procedures are provided in the Supplementary materials section.

The particle size and zeta potential of transfection complexes were measured using Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) and Laser Doppler Velocimetry (LDV), respectively by a Malvern NanoZS instrument and DTS software (Malvern Instruments, UK). Various amounts of PPI or modified PPIs in HBG buffer were added to a final DNA concentration of 5 μg/ml. The mixture was incubated for 20 min at room temperature. The results are reported as mean±SD. Each mean represents the average value of 30 measurements from each independent sample.