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4 protocols using anti p tyr

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Mechanistic Insights into AgNP Signaling

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AgNPs with a diameter of 20 nm were procured from NanoComposix (San Diego, CA). For most studies, we used a concentration of 25 μg/ml based on our previous findings and others [12 (link), 21 (link)]. AgNPs are suspended in citrate at a concentration of 1 mg/ml. Anti p-Tyr, p-Ser/Thr, p/t-plcγ1, p/t-PI3K were purchased from Cell Signaling (Beverly, MA), antibodies against SR-BI/II were purchased from LS BioSciences (Seattle, WA) and Thermoscientific (Waltham, MA). CyTM5 Annexin V (BD Pharmingen) was purchased from BD Biosciences (San Jose, CA) and propidium iodide was purchased from Invitrogen (San Diego, CA). Inhibitors and reagents used in our studies include SR-B1 inhibitor 2-(2-butoxyethyl)-1-cyclopentanone thosemic-arbazone (Blt2) (Chembridge Corp., San Diego, CA, USA), Synta (compound 66) (Aobious INC, Gloucester, MA), N,N-Dimethylsphingosine (DMS), Wortmannin, U-73122, Ionomycin (Cayman Chem, Ann Arbor, MI), Ro 31–8220 (Abcam, Cambridge, MA). Concentrations of inhibitors were based on previous literature [22 (link)–26 (link)].
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2

Investigating SYK and NF-κB Signaling

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Unless stated otherwise, all chemicals were purchased from MilliporeSigma. Antibodies were obtained from the following sources: anti–p-Tyr (catalog 9411), anti–p-SRC (Y416) (catalog 2101), anti-SRC (catalog 2109), anti–p-SYK (Y525/526) (catalog 2710), anti-SYK (catalog 2712), anti–p-IκBα (catalog 2859), anti-IκBα (catalog 9242), anti-GAPDH (catalog 2118), anti-TLR2 (catalog 12276 for human and 13744 for mouse), anti–NF-κB (catalog 3033), and anti–NF-κB (catalog 8242) from Cell Signaling Technology; anti-MyD88 (catalog SAB3500472) and anti-FLAG M2 (catalog F3165) from MilliporeSigma; anti-Myc (catalog sc-40) and anti-actin (catalog sc-47778) from Santa Cruz Biotechnology; anti-HA (M180-3) from MBL International; anti–p-Tyr (4G10) (catalog 05-321) from Millipore; anti-PPP1R11 (ab171960) from Abcam; and anti-3BP2 (catalog H00006452-M01) from Abnova. Halt Protease and Phosphatase Inhibitor Cocktail was from Thermo Fisher Scientific. SYK inhibitor was from Millipore. PP2 and BMS 345541 were from Selleckchem.
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Molecular Mechanisms of FGF-2 Signaling

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Cell culture reagents—BK, SU566, ARA-C, DAPI, anti-β-Actin—were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (Merk Millipore). Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS) was from Innoprot (Basque Country). Anti-FGF-2 neutralizing antibody, STAT3 inhibitor VII, PP1, and SU5402 were purchased from Calbiochem (Merk Millipore, Darmstadt, Germany). FGF-2 was from R&D system. Fasitibant was kindly provided by Menarini Ricerche (Florence Italy). Anti-pTYR, anti-FGFR-1, anti-FGFR-2, anti-pFRSα, anti-pERK1/2, anti-ERK1/2, anti-pSTAT3, anti-STAT3, anti-pAKT, anti-AKT, anti-pSRC, and anti-SRC antibodies were from Cell Signaling (Milan, Italy). Anti-FRSα was from R&D system. Anti-FGF-2 was from Merk Millipore (Darmstadt, Germany).
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Mapping T Cell Activation Dynamics

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Conjugates between Jurkat cells and SEE-pulsed Raji B cells were carried out as previously described (Finetti et al., 2009 (link)). Raji cells were pulsed for 2 h with 10 μg/ml SEE (Toxin Technology, Sarasota, FL, United States) and labeled with 10 μM Cell Tracker Blue (Molecular Probes) for the last 20 min. Conjugates between T cells and unpulsed B cells were used as negative controls. SEE-pulsed or unpulsed Raji B cells were mixed with Jurkat T cells (1:1) and conjugates analyzed 15 min after their formation. Samples were allowed to adhere for 15 min on poly-L-lysine (Sigma-Aldrich)-coated wells of diagnostic microscope slides (ThermoFisher Scientific), then fixed by immersion in methanol for 10 min at -20°C. Following fixation, samples were washed in PBS and incubated with anti-pTyr (Cell Signaling, #8954) at 10 μg/mL and anti-CD3ζ at 15 μg/mL (SantaCruz, #sc-1239) in PBS 1X overnight at 4°C. After washing in PBS, samples were incubated for 45 min at room temperature with anti-rabbit Alexa-Fluor-488- and anti-mouse Alexa-Fluor-555-labeled secondary antibodies (ThermoFisher Scientific, #A11008 and #A211422, respectively).
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