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135 protocols using female cd 1 mice

1

Optogenetic Manipulation of Thy1::ChR2 Mice

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Thy1::ChR2+/− male mice (C57BL/6J background) were bred to CD-1 female mice (Charles River Laboratories) to generate CD-1; Thy1::ChR2++/− mice and CD-1; Thy1::ChR2−/− WT mice (single session optogenetic study) or Thy1::ChR2+/+ male mice were bred to CD-1 female mice to generate CD-1; Thy1::ChR2+/− mice (for repetitive stimulation optogenetic study).
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2

Isolation and Purification of Mouse Skin Stem Cells

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Female CD1 mice (Charles River, New York, NY) were used for the purification of HF SCs. Female CD1 mice transgenic for krt14-H2B-GFP (Tumbar, 2004 (link)) were used for the purification of TACs. We used Tgfbr2 floxed (Leveen, 2002 (link)) mice to isolate primary keratinocytes. Nude mice were from Charles River Laboratories. For lentiviral injections, transduced mice were confirmed by genotyping with RFP primers: forward 5’ –ATCCTGTCCCCTCAGTTCCAGTAC-3’, reverse 5’-TCCACGATGGT GTAGTCCTCGTTG-3’. For TRE-mycETS2 or mycETS2 (T72D) transduced mice, positive mice were fed with doxycycline-containing chow, starting at P0. Mice were maintained in the Association for Assessment and Accreditation of Laboratory Animal Care-accredited animal facility of The Rockefeller University (RU), and procedures were performed with Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC)-approved protocols (#13622-H, #14693-H and #14765-H).
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3

CD1 Mouse Acclimation for Experiments

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Female CD1 mice obtained from Charles River (Calco, Italy) were used at 4–6 weeks of age. Mice were allowed to rest for 1 week before starting the experiment; by that time, the animals were roughly 5–7 weeks old. Animals were used under specific-pathogen free conditions that included testing sentinels for unwanted infections that were not detected, according to the Federation of European Laboratory Animal Science Association standards.
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4

Murine Vaccination Immunity Assessment

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Female CD-1 mice (Charles River Ltd, Harlow, UK), aged 6–8 weeks, were immunized via intramuscular injection in the left hind leg. A dose of 1.0 × 108 IU of the appropriate vaccine was delivered in a total volume of 50 μL and diluted in sterile PBS. Where applicable, prime and boost vaccinations were administered 4 weeks apart. Study endpoint was either 21 days (single dose versus prime-boost vaccination experiment), 14 days (investigation of heterosubtypic cellular immunity), or 28 days (evaluation of cross-reactive antibody responses) after immunization. At the study endpoint, blood was collected via cardiac puncture, animals were euthanized via cervical dislocation, and spleens were harvested for further immunological analysis.
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5

Polyclonal Antibody Production in Rabbits

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Animal experiments were performed in accordance with the Israeli law and were approved by the Ethics Committee for animal experiments at the Israel Institute for Biological Research. The treatment of animals was in accordance with regulations outlined in the USDA Animal Welfare Act and the conditions specified in the Guide for Care and Use of Laboratory Animals (National Institute of Health, 1996). New Zealand white rabbits (Charles River Laboratories Ltd., UK) weighing 2.5 to 3 kg were immunized in order to produce rabbit-derived polyclonal antibodies. Female CD-1 mice (Charles River Laboratories Ltd., UK) weighing 27–32 g were used for survival studies.
Prior to all studies in mice and rabbits, the animals were habituated to the experimental animal unit for 5 days. All mice were housed in filter-top cages in an environmentally controlled room and maintained at 21 ± 2 °C and 55 ± 10% humidity. Lighting was set to mimic a 12/12 hours dawn to dusk cycle. Animals had access to food and water ad libitum.
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6

Cytokine and ML351 Effects on β-Cell Function

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Mouse βTC3 β-cells were cultured and maintained as previously described (26 (link)). Mouse islets were isolated from collagenase-perfused pancreata as previously described (27 (link)), and human islets were obtained from the Integrated Islet Distribution Program. Cell cultures were treated with a cytokine cocktail containing 5 ng/mL interleukin-1β, 10 ng/mL tumor necrosis factor-α, and 100 ng/mL interferon-γ and/or with ML351 for 24 h. Caspase-3 activation assay was performed by using the Apo-ONE Homogeneous Caspase-3/7 Assay (Promega). Static glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) assays and immunostaining for reactive oxygen species (ROS) with CellROX (Invitrogen) were performed as previously described (11 (link)).
Male C57BL/6J mice and female NOD/ShiLTJ (NOD) mice were purchased from The Jackson Laboratory. Female CD1 mice were purchased from Charles River Laboratories. Mice were maintained at the Indiana University vivarium according to protocols approved by the institutional animal care and use committee. Mice were injected intraperitoneally (IP) daily with ML351 dissolved in 80:17:3 PBS:cremophor:ethanol or vehicle alone. Glucose measurements and IP glucose tolerance tests (GTTs) were performed as described (28 (link)). Mice were euthanized, serum/pancreata harvested, and insulin measured as previously described (28 (link)).
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7

Rodent Toxicity Assessment of ErSO Compounds

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Female CD-1 mice (Charles River, 7–8 weeks old) or CD Sprague Dawley IGS rats (Charles River, 250–350 g) were treated with ErSO or ErSO-DFP at the desired dose either intravenously (I.V. tail vein) or by oral gavage (P.O.). Rodents were monitored for signs of distress, lethargy, neurotoxicity, and so forth for multiple days after compound administration. If a given dose was tolerated, higher doses were investigated until an intolerable dose was observed (often associated with acute signs of toxicity and/or lethality) or the solubility limit was reached with a given test compound. The MTD was defined as the maximum dose in which any acute side effects observed were tolerated and no lethality is observed.
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8

Healthy Mice for Experiments

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Female CD1 mice obtained from Charles River (Calco, Italy) were used at 4 to 6 weeks of age. Mice were allowed to rest for 1 week before the experiment; by that time the animals were roughly 5 to 7 weeks old. Animals were used under specific-pathogen free conditions that included testing sentinels for unwanted infections; according to the Federation of European Laboratory Animal Science Association standards, no infections were detected.
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9

Dexra Pretreatment in Adolescent Mice

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Animal studies were conducted in accordance with the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals and the Animal Welfare Act. The Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of the School of Medicine and Public Health at the University of Wisconsin-Madison approved all protocols and procedures prior to implementation. All surgery was performed under Ketamine and isofluorane anesthesia. Female CD-1 mice were purchased at 3 weeks of age from Charles River Laboratories (Wilmington, MA) and allowed to acclimate to the laboratory environment for one week prior to the start of an experiment under the supervision and care of the animal facility staff. At 4 weeks of age, the adolescent mice were injected with Dexra or vehicle control (0.0167 M lactate in saline) via intraperitoneal injection using ≤ 200 μL/injection 1 hour prior to DXR injection. DXR or vehicle (saline) was subsequently administered via intraperitoneal injection.
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10

Husbandry and Ethics of CD1 Mice

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Female CD1 mice were obtained from Charles River Laboratories (Barcelona, Spain). Four‐week‐old mice (n = 44) were housed in ventilated racks and cages (5–6 per cage) with environmental control (humidity: 55%–65%; temperature: 20  ±  2 °C; 12:12‐h light–dark cycle). The trial was carried out at the Animal Production and Experimentation Centre of the University of Jaén (code ES230500000020).
Animal care and experiments were conducted following the guidelines of the Spanish Society for Laboratory Animal Science. The experimental procedures applied to these animals were approved by the Ethics Committee of the University of Jaén (Record number: CEEA‐100217‐1) and the Ethics Committee of Animal Experiments of the Regional Ministry of Agriculture, Fishing and Environment of the Regional Government of Andalusia, Spain (Approval number: 16/03/2017/044).
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