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26 protocols using rs 2000 x ray biological irradiator

1

Radiation Exposure in Mice and Xenografts

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Mice were exposed to 5.5 Gy total body irradiation using the RadSource Technologies X-ray RS-2000 Biological Irradiator operating at 160 kVp and 25 mA at a dose rate of 2.20 Gy/min. Mice were fed Uniprim for the entire duration of the experiment. Mice were carefully monitored every 2-3 days, and blood was collected from the periorbital sinus of anesthetized mice at the indicated time points. The severity of gastrointestinal syndrome was evaluated by observing body mass loss and performing histological analysis of small intestinal tissue sections. Mice that appeared lethargic and moribund were immediately sacrificed. Apoptotic small intestinal cell death was evaluated by TUNEL staining. Human tumor xenografts were established in the right flank of athymic nude mice. Tumors that reached a volume of ~150mm3 were locally irradiated at fractionated doses of 5 Gy for a total of 6 consecutive days using the RadSource Technologies X-ray RS-2000 Biological Irradiator. Cell lines maintained in tissue culture were irradiated using a Gammacell 220 (MDS Nordion, Ottawa, Canada) 137Cs γ-irradiator.
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2

Cell Line Cultivation and Irradiation

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NSCLC cell lines A549 and H1299 were purchased from American Type Culture Collection (ATCC, Manassas, VA, USA). HeLa-DR13–9 cells, stably transfected with the pDR-GFP plasmid, were kindly provided by Dr. Jeff Parvin (The Ohio State University). A549 and H1299 cell lines were cultured in RPM I 1640 medium, while HeLa-DR-13–9 cells were cultured in DMEM, supplemented with 10 % of fetal bovine serum (FBS) and 50 U/ml each of penicillin and streptomycin, and maintained in a humidified atmosphere with 5 % CO2 at 37 °C. For IR treatment, X-ray was delivered to cultured cells in a RS-2000 X-ray Biological Irradiator (Rad Source Technologies, Inc., Suwanee, GA, USA).
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3

X-Ray Irradiation of Biological Cells

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Cells were irradiated using an RS2000 X-Ray Biological Irradiator, containing a Comet MXR-165 X-Ray Source (Rad-Source Technologies Inc., Suwanee, GA, USA). A dose of 2.5, 5, 10, or 60 Gy was administered with a dose rate of 0.02 or 0.08 Gy/ s.
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4

Rapid Lyme Disease Chimera Generation

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Chimeras were generated using a rapid reconstitution protocol that allowed infection within the 8-week window of maximal Lyme arthritis as described previously [25 (link),73 (link)]. C57BL/6 Arf-/- mice at 5 weeks of age were lethally irradiated with RS-2000 X-ray Biological Irradiator (Rad Source Technologies). Donor splenocytes (2×107) harvested from B6.C3-Bbaa1, B6, and B6 Arf-/- mice in 200 μl separation buffer (1X PBS pH 7.4, 2% FCS, 2 mM EDTA) were injected intravenously into irradiated B6 Arf-/- recipient mice 24 h after irradiation. At 3 weeks post-irradiation and transplantation, recipient mice were infected with B. burgdorferi, and Lyme arthritis was assessed at 28 days post-infection. Chimerism was confirmed by PCR analysis of RNA isolated from whole blood at 4 weeks post-infection.
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5

Isolation and Irradiation of Murine and Human Neutrophils

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Murine neutrophils were isolated from bone marrow, as previously described (10 (link)). Briefly, bone marrow cells were flushed from the femur and tibia with RPMI-1640 (life technologies) +2% Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS, Life technologies). After filtration through a cell strainer (100 µm; BD Falcon, San Jose, CA, USA) and erythrocyte lysis with sterile water, the cells were incubated for 1 h at 37 °C with 5% CO2 to separate the suspended granulocytes from adherent monocytes.
PolymorphPrepTM (Progen Biotechnik) was used according to the manufacturer’s instructions, as previously described (9 (link)), to isolate human neutrophils from fresh blood.
For the irradiation assay, neutrophils were irradiated with a dose of 10 Gy using an RS-2000 X-Ray Biological Irradiator (Rad Source Technologies) after being seeded onto 24-well plates.
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6

Carbon-ion and X-ray Irradiation Protocols

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Carbon-ion irradiation was performed at room temperature at the Heavy Ion Accelerator Center (HIRFL) of the Institute of Modern Physics, Lanzhou, Chinese Academy of Sciences (Lanzhou, China), with 300Mev/u monoenergetic carbon ion beams. The penetration depth was adjusted by changing the thickness of the absorber. The cells were irradiated with carbon-ion beams with the LET value 12.6KeV/μm at the entrance plateau. The penetration depths of the ions in water were 15.3 cm (the plateau region of the Bragg curve), and LET value was 31.5 KeV/μm. The cells were irradiated by 0.2 Gy or 2 Gy of carbon-ion beams with the LET value of 12.6 keV/μm or irradiated by 2 Gy of carbon-ion beams with the LET value of 31.5 keV/μm. Three irradiated cells samples were performed for each group.
For X-ray irradiation was performed using the RS2000 X ray biological irradiator (RadSource, Suwanee, GA, USA) at the dose rate of 118 cGy/min. The machine settings: 160 kV 25 mA, 0.3 mm of copper filter, and 45 keV of mean energy.
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7

Ionizing Radiation Exposure Protocol

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Cells were irradiated using an RS2000 X-Ray Biological Irradiator, containing a Comet MXR-165x-Ray Source (Rad-Source Technologies Inc., Suwanee, GA, USA). A dose of 60 Gy (STO cells) or 75 Gy (prostate cell lines) was administered with a dose rate of 0.08 Gy/s.
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8

X-ray Irradiation of Cells

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At room temperature, X-ray exposure at a dose rate of 1.18 Gy/min (160 kV, 25 mA, 0.3 mm Cu filter) was applied to cells in the logarithmic growth phase using an RS 2000 X-ray biological irradiator (Rad Source Technologies). Cells were irradiated with doses as indicated (see Results section).
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9

Generation of Bone Marrow Chimeric Mice

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To generate BM-chimeric mice, 8- to 10-wk-old recipient mice were lethally irradiated (8 Gy) using the RS 2000 X-ray Biological Irradiator (Rad Source Technologies) and reconstituted with three million bone marrow cells from donors by intravenous injection. Prophylactic antibiotics were administered during 1 wk before and the initial 2 wk after transplantation. Chimeras were used for further experiments 6–8 wk after the initial reconstitution.
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10

Optimizing Cell Transplantation Outcomes

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To determine which preconditioning was optimal for stimulating proliferation of transplanted cells, LEC rat livers underwent ischemia-reperfusion (IRP) and/or radiation (RT) prior to cell transplantation. For the RT procedure, LEC rats were anesthetized with 10% chloral hydrate (3 mL/kg body weight) by intraperitoneal injection. Four days before transplantation, the whole liver received a single dose of 50 Gy at a dose rate of 320 cGy/min using a RS-2000 x-ray Biological Irradiator (Rad Source Technologies, Inc., Suwanee, GA, USA) as described previously [29] (link). For IRP, the left portal vein branch was isolated and occluded with a hemostatic clip for 45 min as described previously [30] (link). Immediately after release of the clip, MSCsATP7B were injected into the liver via the portal vein.
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