Phenylephrine phe

Manufactured by Merck Group

Sourced in United States

Phenylephrine (Phe) is a synthetic chemical compound used as a laboratory reagent. It is primarily utilized in various analytical and research applications, serving as a standard or reference material. Phenylephrine possesses specific chemical and physical properties that make it a useful tool for researchers and scientists working in diverse fields, such as chemistry, biochemistry, and pharmacology.

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Phenylephrine (299 citations) Phenylephrine hydrochloride (PHE) (3 citations)

10 protocols using phenylephrine phe

LG Duct Isolation and Culture

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Media and its supplements for LG duct isolation and culture (Dulbecco's modified eagle medium [DMEM], McCoy's 5A tissue culture medium, fetal bovine serum [FBS], L-glutamine, bovine serum albumin [BSA]), carbachol (carbamoylcholine chloride), 8-bromoadenosine 3′5′-cyclic monophosphate (8-bromo cAMP), vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), and phenylephrine (PHE) were ordered from Sigma-Aldrich Corp. (Budapest, Hungary). Purified collagenase was acquired from Worthington Biochemical Corp. (Lakewood, NJ, USA). For immunostaining experiments, VPAC1 and VPAC2 primary rabbit polyclonal antibodies and Alexa Fluor 488 secondary goat anti-rabbit antibody was obtained from Abcam (Cambridge, UK), AQP4 primary rabbit polyclonal antibody derived from Alomone Labs (Jerusalem, Israel).
The composition of solutions used in our experiments is summarized in the Table. The pH of standard HEPES-buffered solution was set to 7.4 with HCl at 37°C.

Elekes G., Csapó V., Szarka D., Szalay L., Korsós M.M., Tálosi D., Török D, & Tóth-Molnár E. (2024). The Role of Aquaporin 4 in Lacrimal Gland Ductal Fluid Secretion in Mice. Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science, 65(5), 30.

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Pharmacological Modulation of Vascular Reactivity

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Ach (acetylcholine), indomethacin, L-NAME, phenylephrine (Phe) and U46619 (9,11-dideoxy11α, 9α-epoxymethano-prostaglandin F_2α) were from Sigma-Aldrich Chemical. DuP-697 (5-bromo-2-(4-fluorophenyl)-3-[4-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl]-thiophene) and VAS (valeryl salicylate) were from Cayman Chemical. S18886 (3-[(6-amino-(4-chlorobenzensulphonyl)-2-methyl5,6,7,8-tetrahydronapht]-1-yl) propionic acid) was from MedChemExpress. Celecoxib was purchased from Pfizer. ACh, S18886 and L-NAME were diluted in distilled water. And other drugs were diluted in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO; Sigma-Aldrich). The DMSO concentration was limited to less than 0.1%. Puerarin was purchased from Shanghai Yuan Ye Biotechnology Co., Ltd., China.

Chen M., Xiang L., Wu G., Liao Y, & Cai Y. (2020). Puerarin Inhibits Endothelium-Dependent Contractions in Mouse Carotid Arteries. Medical Science Monitor : International Medical Journal of Experimental and Clinical Research, 26, e923163-1-e923163-8.

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Vasodilation Experiments in Rats

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For the experiments, the following were used: ketamine hydrochloride and xylazine (from Syntec, São Paulo, SP, Brazil), 4-aminopyridine (4-AP), acetylcholine chloride (ACh), atropine, CaCl₂, dextrose, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, glibenclamide, HOE-140, KCl, KH₂PO₄, NaCl, NaHCO₃, MgSO₄, Nω-Nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), indomethacin, phenylephrine (Phe), sodium deoxycholate, and tetraethylammonium (TEA) were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA) and heparin from Hipolabor (São Paulo, SP, Brazil)

de Carvalho E.S., Tirloni C.A., Palozi R.A., Schaedler M.I., Guarnier L.P., Silva A.O., Mota J.D., Cardoso C.A., de Barros M.E, & Gasparotto Junior A. (2019). Endothelium-Dependent Effects of Echinodorus grandiflorus (Cham. & Schltdl.) Micheli Mediated by M3-Muscarinic and B2-Bradykininergic Receptors on Peripheral Vascular Resistance and Its Modulatory Effects on K+ Channels in Mesenteric Vascular Beds. Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine : eCAM, 2019, 4109810.

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Antioxidant Compound Extraction and Analysis

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Gallic acid, Folin–ciocalteu reagent, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH), 2,20-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS), 6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid (Trolox), potassium persulphate, quercetin, trans-resveratrol, ascorbic acid, phenylephrine (Phe), and acetylcholine chloride, were purchased from Sigma–Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Ethyl acetate and HPLC-grade acetonitrile was from Tedia (Tedia, Brazil). Water was purified through a Milliq1 water purification system (Millipore, Billerica, MA, USA) and the other solvents were all reagent-grade.

de Figueiredo E.A., Alves N.F., Monteiro M.M., Cavalcanti C.D., da Silva T.M., da Silva T.M., Braga V.D, & Oliveira E.D. (2017). Antioxidant and Antihypertensive Effects of a Chemically Defined Fraction of Syrah Red Wine on Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats. Nutrients, 9(6), 574.

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Synthesis and Dissolution of Bioactive Compounds

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LASSBio-1359 was synthesized by Laboratório de Avaliação e Síntese de Substâncias Bioativas (LASSBio) at Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. LASSBio-1359 and sildenafil (Cristália, Itapira, São Paulo, Brazil) were dissolved in DMSO (Cristália, Itapira, São Paulo, Brazil). MCT was synthesized by Laboratório de Química at Universidade Federal Fluminense (Rio de Janeiro, Brazil), and it was dissolved in 1 N HCl, neutralized with 0.5 N NaOH, and diluted with phosphate-buffered saline. Phenylephrine (Phe) and ACh from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, USA) were dissolved in distilled water.

Alencar A.K., Carvalho F.I., Silva A.M., Martinez S.T., Calasans-Maia J.A., Fraga C.M., Barreiro E.J., Zapata-Sudo G, & Sudo R.T. (2018). Synergistic interaction between a PDE5 inhibitor (sildenafil) and a new adenosine A2A receptor agonist (LASSBio-1359) improves pulmonary hypertension in rats. PLoS ONE, 13(4), e0195047.

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Rat Aortic Vascular Reactivity

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Calcium chloride dihydrate (CaCl₂.2H₂O), magnesium chloride
hexahydrate (MgCl₂.6H₂O), potassium chloride (KCl), and sodium
bicarbonate (NaHCO₃) were purchased from VETEC (Brazil). Monosodium
phosphate 1-hydrate (NaH₂PO₄.H₂O), glucose
(C₆H₁₂O₆), magnesium sulfate monohydrate
(MgSO₄.H₂O), and hydrochloric acid (HCl PA) were purchased
from Nuclear (Brazil). Sodium chloride (NaCl) was purchased from Dinâmica (Brazil).
Carbamylcholine chloride, acetylcholine (ACh), and phenylephrine (Phe) were purchased
from Sigma-Aldrich (USA). The carbogenic mixture (95% O₂ and 5%
CO₂) was purchased from White Martins (Brazil).

Brito A.F., Silva A.S., Souza I.L., Pereira J.C, & da Silva B.A. (2015). Intensity of swimming exercise influences aortic reactivity in rats. Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research, 48(11), 996-1003.

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Vascular Reactivity Assessment in Rat Aorta and Mesentery

Cited 1 time

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Aortic and small mesenteric arteries (SMA) were obtained from ZF or lean rats having or having not received Provinols, which were then cleaned from connective tissue and cut into rings of 1.5–2 mm long. Vessel rings were then mounted on a wire myograph (Danish MyoTechnology, Aarhus, Denmark) filled with physiological salt solution (PSS) as described previously [19 (link), 26 (link), 27 (link)]. The concentration-response curves were constructed by cumulative application of phenylephrine (Phe, 1 nmol/L to 10 μmol/L; Sigma-Aldrich, St. Quentin, Fallavier, France) to vessels with functional endothelium in the presence or absence of a given inhibitor: the NO synthase inhibitor N^ω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME, 100 μmol/L; Sigma-Aldrich), the selective COX-2 inhibitor N-(2-cyclohexyloxy-4-nitrophenyl) methanesulfonamide (NS398, 10 μmol/L; Sigma-Aldrich), or indomethacin, the nonselective COX inhibitor (INDO, 100 μmol/L). All inhibitors were used at their maximal active concentrations at which they inhibit the release of either NO from all isoforms of NO synthases (L-NAME), metabolites from COX-2 isoforms (NS398), or metabolites from COX (INDO) in blood vessels, as reported in our previous studies [26 (link)].

Agouni A., Mostefai H.A., Lagrue A.H., Sladkova M., Rouet P., Desmoulin F., Pechanova O., Martínez M.C, & Andriantsitohaina R. (2017). Paradoxical Effect of Nonalcoholic Red Wine Polyphenol Extract, Provinols™, in the Regulation of Cyclooxygenases in Vessels from Zucker Fatty Rats (fa/fa). Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, 2017, 8536910.

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LASSBio-2090 Bioactive Compound Characterization

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LASSBio-2090 was synthesized by Laboratório de Avaliação e Síntese de Substâncias Bioativas at Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and was dissolved in dimethylsulfoxide which was purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Phenylephrine (Phe) and acetylcholine (ACh) were dissolved in distilled water and purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Antibodies rabbit anti-c-fos (ab7963) and rabbit anti-receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (RAGE, ab3611) were purchased from Abcam (Cambridge, UK). Antibodies rabbit anti-inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS, #2982), rabbit anti-TNF-α (#3707) and mouse anti-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH, #5174) were purchased from Cell Signaling (Danvers, MA, USA). Secondary antibodies goat anti-rabbit (#1,706,515) and goat anti-mouse (#1,706,516) conjugated to horseradish peroxidase were purchased from Bio-rad (Hercules, CA, USA).

Costa G.C., Montagnoli T.L., Da Silva J.S., de Alencar A.K., Reina Gamba L.E., Alves B.E., da Silva M.M., Trachez M.M., do Nascimento J.H., Pimentel-Coelho P.M., Mendez-Otero R., Lima L.M., Barreiro E.J., Sudo R.T, & Zapata-Sudo G. (2020). New Benzofuran N-Acylhydrazone Reduces Cardiovascular Dysfunction in Obese Rats by Blocking TNF-Alpha Synthesis. Drug Design, Development and Therapy, 14, 3337-3350.

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Pharmacological Modulation of Vascular Reactivity

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Protocatechuic acid (PCA) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Chemical (St Louis, MO, USA; cat# 37580-100g-F) and dissolved in PBS. IL-1β was purchased from PeproTech (Rocky Hill, NJ, USA; cat# 211-11B/10UG). Akt inhibitor IV was purchased from MilliporeSigma (Billerica, MA, USA; cat# 124011-1MG). Acetylcholine (ACh; cat# A6625-25G), N^G-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME; cat# N5501-5G), phenylephrine (Phe; cat# P6126-10G) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP; cat# 71778-25G) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Chemical and dissolved in double-distilled water. Krebs-Henseleit solution is composed of (mM): 119 NaCl, 4.7 KCl, 2.5 CaCl₂, 1 MgCl₂, 25 NaHCO₃, 1.2 KH₂PO₄, and 11 D-glucose.

Chook C.Y., Cheung Y.M., Ma K.Y., Leung F.P., Zhu H., Niu Q.J., Wong W.T, & Chen Z.Y. (2023). Physiological concentration of protocatechuic acid directly protects vascular endothelial function against inflammation in diabetes through Akt/eNOS pathway. Frontiers in Nutrition, 10, 1060226.

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Calcium Signaling Regulation by Orai1 and BKCa

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Phenylephrine (Phe) and iberiotoxin (IbTX) were purchased from Sigma‐Aldrich. Thapsigargin (TG) and endothelin 1 (ET‐1) were obtained from Calbiochem. Anti‐Orai1 (sc‐74778) primary antibody was purchased from Santa Cruz. Anti‐BK_Ca (APC‐107) primary antibody was from Alomone Lab. Orai1 specific siRNA for rat was obtained from Invitrogen. The sequence is as follows: CAACAGCAAUCCGGAGCUU (Potier et al. 2009).

Chen M., Li J., Jiang F., Fu J., Xia X., Du J., Hu M., Huang J, & Shen B. (2016). Orai1 forms a signal complex with BKC a channel in mesenteric artery smooth muscle cells. Physiological Reports, 4(1), e12682.

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