Benzydamine

YZG-331, M2, and YZG-441 (purity ≥ 99%) were obtained from the Department of Natural Products Chemistry (Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences). NADPH, NADH, β-NADP, glucose-6-phosphate (6-G-P), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (6-G-P-DH), midazolam, vanillin, 4-methylumbelliferyl-β-D-glucuronide (4MUG), benzydamine and aminobenzotriazole (ABT) were the products of Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, United States). Male mouse and rat liver microsomes (LMs)/cytosols were prepared by our group. Pooled mixed-gender human liver microsomes, male beagle dog/monkey liver microsomes, pooled mixed-gender dog/monkey/human liver cytosols, and recombinant human cytochrome P450 enzymes, recombinant human flavin-containing monooxygenases (FMOs) were obtained from BD Gentest (Woburn, MA, United States). HPLC-grade acetonitrile and methanol were purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Deionized water was obtained from Milli-Qsystem (Millipore Co., Billerica, MA, United States). All other reagents and solvents were commercially available.

Ampicillin, benzydamine, ethionamide, (±)-propranolol and trifluoperazine were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (Steinheim, Germany) and acetonitrile (ACN) from J. T. Baker (Deventer, The Netherlands). Isopropyl β-d-1-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG) was obtained from Biosynth AG (Staad, Switzerland). All other chemicals and buffer components were obtained from Carl Roth (Karlsruhe, Germany). NunclonTMΔ surface 24 well plates were purchased from Nalgene nunc (Penfield, USA) and oxygen permeable foils (Gas Permeable Adhesive Seals # AB-0718) from Thermo Fisher Scientific (Waltham, MA, USA).