Haucl4

All the chemicals were of analytical grade and used as purchased without further purification. Copper foil (thickness of 0.1 mm) were supplied by Hebei Jinjia Metal Materials Ltd. Co (P. R. China). HAuCl₄, sodium hydroxide, glucose, dopamine, ascorbic acid, uric acid, sucrose, lactose, and maltose were supplied by Macklin Inc, Shanghai, China. The Cu foil was anodized in an alkali solution (3 M NaOH) for 30 min under 10 mA cm^-2 to form Cu(OH)₂ nanowire. The temperature of the electrochemical cells was maintained at 25 °C for all experiments. The as-anodized nanowire was annealed at 180 ^oC for 1 h to converted Cu(OH)₂ to CuO. The nanowire arrays were dipped into HAuCl₄ solution (pH = 6.0) under simulated solar light irradiation (100 mW cm^-2) for 30 min for Au deposition.

1,3,5-Benzene tricarboxaldehyde (Bt) (Jilin Chinese Academy of Sciences – Yanshen Technology Co., Ltd., Jilin, China), p-phenylenediamine (PD) (Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China), 1,4-dioxane (Xilong Scientific Co., Ltd., Shantou, China), 3 mol L⁻¹ CH₃COOH (Xilong Scientific Co., Ltd., Shantou, China), N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) (Xilong Scientific Co., Ltd., Shantou, China), tetrahydrofuran (THF) (Xilong Scientific Co., Ltd., Shantou, China), 1% trisodium citrate (Xilong Scientific Co., Ltd., Shantou, China), sodium borohydride (Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China), 10 μmol L⁻¹ Victoria blue 4R (VB4R) (Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China), 0.1 mol L⁻¹ NaCl (Xilong Scientific Co., Ltd., Shantou, China), 0.01 mol L⁻¹ HCl (Xilong Scientific Co., Ltd., Shantou, China), 0.1 mol L⁻¹ sodium formate (Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China), 100 nmol L⁻¹ Co(NO₃)₂·6H₂O (Xilong Scientific Co., Ltd., Shantou, China), 1% HAuCl₄ (Shanghai Macklin Biochemical Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China), and 0.1 μmol L⁻¹ Apt with a sequence of 5′-3′ GGT AAT ACG ACT CAC TAA GGG AGA TAC CAG CTT ATT CAA TTT TAC AGA ACA CCA ACG TCG CTC GGG TAC TTC TTC ATC GAG ATA GTA AGT GCA ACT T (Shanghai Sangon Biotech Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China) were used. All reagents were of analytical grade, and the water was double distilled.