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Phospho p53

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Phospho-p53 is a laboratory reagent used to detect the phosphorylated form of the p53 protein. P53 is a critical tumor suppressor protein that plays a key role in cellular stress response pathways. Phosphorylation of p53 is an important post-translational modification that regulates its activity and stability.

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6 protocols using phospho p53

1

Molecular Signaling Profiling by Western Blot

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Western blot was performed following a standard protocol. Antibodies were obtained as follow; p53, p21, Chk1, p62, PARP-1, β-actin (Santa Cruz Biotechnology), phospho-p53 (Ser15), phospho-Chk2 (Thr68), phospho-Erk1/2, Erk1/2, phospho-JNK, JNK1/2, phospho-p38, p38, Caspase 3, H2AX (Cell Signaling Technology), phospho-ATM (Ser1981), Chk2, γ-H2AX (Ser139) (Millipore), ATM (Epitomics, Burlingame, CA, USA), and LC3 (Novus Biologicals, Littleton, CO, USA). Chemiluminescence was detected using enhanced chemiluminescence detection reagents.
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2

AGS Cell Culture and Protein Analysis

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Human AGS cells from the American type culture collection (Rockville, MD, USA) were cultured in RPMI 1640 medium (Invitrogen Corp, Carlsbad, CA, USA) supplemented with 10% (v/v) fetal bovine serum (FBS) (GIBCO BRL, Grand Island, NY, USA), 1 mM L-glutamine, 100 U/mL penicillin, and 100 μg/mL streptomycin at 37°C in a humidified atmosphere of 95% air and 5% CO2. Antibodies against Bcl-2, Bid, Bcl-xL, phospho p53, p53, BAX, c-IAP-2, X-linked IAP (XIAP), Akt, phospho Akt, ERK, phospho ERK, and procaspase 3 were purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Santa Cruz, CA, USA). Antibody against poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) was purchased from PharMingen (San Diego, CA, USA). Antibody against β-actin was from Sigma (Beverly, MA, USA). Peroxidase-labeled donkey anti-rabbit and sheep anti- mouse immunoglobulin, and an enhanced chemiluminescence (ECL) kit were purchased from Amersham (Arlington Heights, IL). All other chemicals not specifically cited here were purchased from Sigma Chemical Co. (St. Louis, MO, USA).
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3

Western Blotting of Cell Signaling

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Western blotting was carried out as previously described (62 (link)). Primary antibodies to β-actin (Santa Cruz), p62 (CST), SIRT1 (CST), Cas9-hemagglutinin (Cas9-HA; Santa Cruz), PML (CST), XPO1 (CST), p53 (CST), and phospho-p53 (CST) were used.
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4

Western Blot Analysis of Protein Expression

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Total protein was isolated using radioimmunoprecipitation assay buffer consisting of 1% (v/v) NP40, 0.1% (w/v) sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), 100 μg/mL phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride, 0.5% (w/v) sodium deoxycholate, protease inhibitors, and phosphatase inhibitors in PBS. Protein concentrations were determined using a BCA Protein Assay Kit (Thermo Fisher Scientific, USA) Proteins were then separated on 10% SDS-polyacrylamide gels and transferred to polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membranes. Membranes were incubated in 5% skim milk with tris-buffered saline Tween (TBST) at room temperature for 1 h and incubated overnight with primary antibodies. The following proteins were probed with the primary antibodies: p16, p21, p53, phospho-p53, caveolin-1, Hsp60, PRDX1-3, and β-actin (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Dallas, TX, USA). Membranes were washed with TBST and incubated with horseradish peroxidase–conjugated antibody for 1 h. Protein signals were detected using an ECL Detection Kit (BIOFACT, Daejeon, Korea). The signal intensities for each protein band were quantified using the densitometry program, Image J. v1.48. Statistical analyses were performed using Student t test. A p values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant.
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5

Western Blotting Antibodies and Detection

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Western blotting was carried out as previously described (39 (link)). Primary antibodies to LANA (Abcam, Cambridge, MA), cleaved PARP1 (Cell Signaling Technology [CST]), cleaved caspase 3 (CST), K8 (Santa Cruz), p53 (CST), and phospho-p53 (CST) were used. A monoclonal antibody to ORF65 was previously described (40 (link)).
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6

Western Blot Analysis of Heart Proteins

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The heart tissue was homogenated in extraction buffer (20 mmol/L Tris HCl, 1 mmol/L Na 3 VO 4 , 5 mmol/L NaF). The heart protein was collected and subjected to 10% or 15% SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis then transferred to polyvinylidene difluoride membranes, which were blocked for 2 h with 5% non-fat milk in Tris-buffered saline (pH 7.4) containing 0.1% Triton X-100. The membranes were probed overnight at 4 C with the appropriate primary antibody as follows: total-p38, phospho-p38, and phospho-HSP27 (Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA), total-p53, phospho-p53, total-CREB, phospho-CREB, Bax, Bcl2, Cytochrome c, caspase-3 (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc, Santa Cruz, CA). After washing and exposure to horseradish peroxidaseconjugated secondary antibody for 1 h at room temperature, antibody-antigen complexes were visualized by enhanced chemiluminescence assay. Bands corresponding to the protein of interest appeared as dark regions on the developed film. The film images of the Western blots were scanned and were analyzed using Image J (NIH image, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD) analysis software (Tanno et al., 2003) . For quantitation of the proteins of interest, phosphorylated proteins were normalized to total protein expression.
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