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Antimicrobial drugs

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Antimicrobial drugs are a class of pharmaceutical products designed to inhibit or kill microorganisms, such as bacteria, fungi, and viruses. These drugs play a vital role in the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases. The core function of antimicrobial drugs is to selectively target and disrupt the essential processes or structures within microbial cells, thereby rendering them unable to survive or replicate.

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Lab products found in correlation

Etest, by bioMérieux (5 mentions) Ampicillin, by Bio-Rad (4 mentions) Nalidixic acid, by bioMérieux (3 mentions) Mic test strip, by Liofilchem (2 mentions) Cefalotin, by American Type Culture Collection (2 mentions) Pefloxacin, by American Type Culture Collection (2 mentions) Andciprofloxacin, by bioMérieux (2 mentions) Escherichia coli cip 76, by American Type Culture Collection (2 mentions) Sensititre microtitre plates, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions) Spectinomycin, by Bio-Rad (2 mentions) Amikacin, by Bio-Rad (2 mentions) Cefoxitin, by Bio-Rad (2 mentions) Gentamicin, by Bio-Rad (2 mentions) Streptomycin, by Bio-Rad (2 mentions) Kanamycin, by Bio-Rad (2 mentions) Cefotaxime, by Bio-Rad (2 mentions) Cefepime, by Bio-Rad (2 mentions) Tigecycline, by Bio-Rad (1 mentions) Ceftazidime, by Bio-Rad (1 mentions) Azithromycin, by bioMérieux (1 mentions)

5 protocols using antimicrobial drugs

1

Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing Protocol

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Antibiotic susceptibility was determined by disc diffusion on
Mueller–Hinton agar, in accordance with the guidelines of the Antibiogram
Committee of the French Society for Microbiology [22 ]. The following antimicrobial drugs (Bio-Rad, Marnes-la-Coquette,
France) were tested: ampicillin, cefalotin, cefotaxime, streptomycin,
chloramphenicol, erythromycin, azithromycin, sulfonamides,
trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, vibriostatic agent O/129, tetracycline,
doxycycline, minocycline, nalidixic acid, norfloxacin, ofloxacin, pefloxacin,
ciprofloxacin, nitrofurantoin, polymyxin B and colistin (polymyxin E).
Escherichia coli CIP 76.24 (ATCC 25922) was used as a
control. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of nalidixic acid and
ciprofloxacin were determined by Etests (bioMérieux, Marcy
L'Etoile, France). The MICs of colistin and polymyxin B were determined
with custom-produced Sensititre microtitre plates (Thermo Fisher Scientific,
East Grinstead, UK) and MIC test strips (Liofilchem, Roseto degli Abruzzi,
Italy), respectively, on 34 isolates chosen on the basis of resistance
phenotype, year and country of isolation.
Weill F.X., Domman D., Njamkepo E., Almesbahi A.A., Naji M., Nasher S.S., Rakesh A., Assiri A.M., Sharma N.C., Kariuki S., Pourshafie M.R., Rauzier J., Abubakar A., Carter J.Y., Wamala J.F., Seguin C., Bouchier C., Malliavin T., Bakhshi B., Abulmaali H.H., Kumar D., Njoroge S.M., Malik M.R., Kiiru J., Luquero F.J., Azman A.S., Ramamurthy T., Thomson N.R, & Quilici M.L. (2019). Genomic insights into the 2016-2017 Yemeni cholera epidemic. Nature, 565(7738), 230-233.
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2

Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing Protocol

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Antimicrobial susceptibility was determined by the disk diffusion method, on Mueller-Hinton (MH) agar, in accordance with the guidelines of the Antibiogram Committee of the French Society for Microbiology [23 ]. The following 22 antimicrobial drugs (Bio-Rad) were tested: ampicillin (AMP, 10 μg), amoxicillin plus clavulanic acid (AMC, 30 μg), cefoxitin (FOX, 30 μg), cefotaxime (COX, 5 μg), ceftazidime (CZD, 10 μg), cefepime (FEP, 30 μg), streptomycin (SMN, 10 μg), spectinomycin (SPT, 100 μg), gentamicin (GEN, 10 μg), amikacin (AKN, 30 μg), tigecycline (TGC, 15 μg), kanamycin (KAN, 30 μg), sulfonamides (SSS, 200 μg), trimethoprim (TMP, 5 μg), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (SXT, 25 μg), chloramphenicol (CHL, 30 μg), tetracycline (TET, 30 μg), nalidixic acid (NAL, 30 μg), ciprofloxacin (CIP, 5 μg), pefloxacin (PEF, 5 μg), meropenem (MEM, 10 μg), and azithromycin (AZM, 15 μg). The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of NAL and CIP were determined by E-tests (BioMérieux) on NAL-resistant isolates identified by the disk diffusion method. The recommended reference strain Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 was used as a control for antibiotic susceptibility testing. This technique was performed at the CNR-ESS.
Nikiema M.E., Pardos de la Gandara M., Compaore K.A., Ky Ba A., Soro K.D., Nikiema P.A., Barro N., Sangare L, & Weill F.X. (2021). Contamination of street food with multidrug-resistant Salmonella, in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. PLoS ONE, 16(6), e0253312.
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3

Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing Protocol

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Antibiotic susceptibility was determined by disc diffusion on
Mueller–Hinton agar, in accordance with the guidelines of the Antibiogram
Committee of the French Society for Microbiology [22 ]. The following antimicrobial drugs (Bio-Rad, Marnes-la-Coquette,
France) were tested: ampicillin, cefalotin, cefotaxime, streptomycin,
chloramphenicol, erythromycin, azithromycin, sulfonamides,
trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, vibriostatic agent O/129, tetracycline,
doxycycline, minocycline, nalidixic acid, norfloxacin, ofloxacin, pefloxacin,
ciprofloxacin, nitrofurantoin, polymyxin B and colistin (polymyxin E).
Escherichia coli CIP 76.24 (ATCC 25922) was used as a
control. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of nalidixic acid and
ciprofloxacin were determined by Etests (bioMérieux, Marcy
L'Etoile, France). The MICs of colistin and polymyxin B were determined
with custom-produced Sensititre microtitre plates (Thermo Fisher Scientific,
East Grinstead, UK) and MIC test strips (Liofilchem, Roseto degli Abruzzi,
Italy), respectively, on 34 isolates chosen on the basis of resistance
phenotype, year and country of isolation.
Weill F.X., Domman D., Njamkepo E., Almesbahi A.A., Naji M., Nasher S.S., Rakesh A., Assiri A.M., Sharma N.C., Kariuki S., Pourshafie M.R., Rauzier J., Abubakar A., Carter J.Y., Wamala J.F., Seguin C., Bouchier C., Malliavin T., Bakhshi B., Abulmaali H.H., Kumar D., Njoroge S.M., Malik M.R., Kiiru J., Luquero F.J., Azman A.S., Ramamurthy T., Thomson N.R, & Quilici M.L. (2019). Genomic insights into the 2016-2017 Yemeni cholera epidemic. Nature, 565(7738), 230-233.
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4

Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing Protocol

Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
Antibiotic susceptibility was determined by disc diffusion on Mueller–Hinton agar, in accordance with the guidelines of the Antibiogram Committee of the French Society for Microbiology (CA-SFM & EUCAST, 2014 ). The following 32 antimicrobial drugs (Bio-Rad) were tested: ampicillin, ticarcillin, piperacillin, piperacillin/tazobactam, cefamandole, cefoperazone, cefoxitin, cefotaxime, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, ticarcillin/clavulanic acid, imipenem, meropenem, ertapenem, cefepime, ceftazidime, streptomycin, spectinomycin, kanamycin, amikacin, gentamicin, netilmicin, tigecycline, isepamicin, nalidixic acid, pefloxacin, ciprofloxacin, sulfonamides, trimethoprim, sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim, chloramphenicol, tetracycline and azithromycin. Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values for nalidixic acid, ciprofloxacin and azithromycin were determined by Etests (bioMérieux). E. coli CIP 76.24 (ATCC 25922) was used as a control.
Kuijpers L.M., Le Hello S., Fawal N., Fabre L., Tourdjman M., Dufour M., Sar D., Kham C., Phe T., Vlieghe E., Bouchier C., Jacobs J, & Weill F.X. (2016). Genomic analysis of Salmonella enterica serotype Paratyphi A during an outbreak in Cambodia, 2013–2015. Microbial Genomics, 2(11), e000092.
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5

Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing of S. Chester

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A total of 105 S. Chester isolates were selected for antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST). These consisted of 35 of the 82 isolates from England and Wales, and all human isolates from France (n=45), Denmark (n=9), Belgium (n=6), Luxemburg (n=3) as well as the six hon-human isolates and the 17K reference strain. AST was carried out by the disk diffusion method, with a panel of 32 antimicrobial drugs (Bio-Rad) as previously described [18 (link)]. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of nalidixic acid, ciprofloxacin, azithromycin and colistin were determined by using Etests (BioMérieux, Marcy l’Etoile, France) and interpreted according to the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) clinical guidelines [19 ].
Fonteneau L., Jourdan Da Silva N., Fabre L., Ashton P., Torpdahl M., Müller L., Bouchrif B., El Boulani A., Valkanou E., Mattheus W., Friesema I., Herrera Leon S., Varela Martínez C., Mossong J., Severi E., Grant K., Weill F.X., Gossner C.M., Bertrand S., Dallman T, & Le Hello S. (2017). Multinational outbreak of travel-related Salmonella Chester infections in Europe, summers 2014 and 2015. Eurosurveillance, 22(7), 30463.
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