Hplc uvd

Blood samples were taken from the jugular vein of three pigs near the average BW in each treatment after 3 hours of fasting on the initial day and at the end of each phase to measure VE, selenium (Se), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and lymphocytes. All blood samples were collected in serum tubes (SST II Advance; BD Vacutainer, Becton Dickinson, Plymouth, UK) and centrifuged at 1,957×g and 4°C for 15 min (5810R; Eppendorf, centrifuge 5810R, Hamburg, Germany). Subsequently, the supernatant was separated in a microtube (AXYGEN. INC, Union City, CA, USA) and the samples of VE, IL-6, and TNF-α were stored at −20°C, while the samples of Se and lymphocytes were stored at 4°C for analysis. Each measurement was conducted using the following analysis machines and techniques: Se (ICP–MS; Perkin Elmer, Rodgau, Germany), VE (HPLC-UVD; PerkinElmer, Milford, MA, USA), lymphocytes (Flow cytometry, automatic blood analyzer; Sysmex, Hyogo, Japan), TNF-α (Fluorescent, Luminex; Millipore, Austin, TX, USA), and IL-6 (Fluorescent, Luminex; Millipore, USA).

Blood samples (n = 5 for each treatment) were collected from the jugular vein of sows using 10 mL disposable syringes at 24 hours postpartum and after 21 days of lactation. Additionally, blood samples (n = 5 for each treatment) were collected from the jugular vein of piglets using 3 mL disposable syringes at 24 hours postpartum and 5 mL disposable syringes at 21 days of lactation. All blood samples were collected in serum tubes (SSTTM II Advance; BD Vacutainer, Becton Dickinson, Plymouth, UK) and centrifuged at 1,957×g and 4°C for 15 min (5810R; Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany). Subsequently, the supernatant was separated in a microtube (AXYGEN. INC, Union City, CA, USA) and the samples of vitamin E, IL-6, and TNF-α were stored at −20°C, while the samples of selenium and lymphocytes were stored at 4°C for analysis. Each measurement was conducted using the following analysis machines and techniques: Se (Inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry [ICP–MS]; Perkin Elmer, Rodgau, Germany), vitamin E (high-performance liquid chromatography [HPLC]; HPLC-UVD; PerkinElmer, Milford, MA, USA), lymphocytes (Flow cytometry, automatic blood analyzer; Sysmex, Hyogo, Japan), TNF-α (Fluorescent, Luminex; Millipore, Austin, TX, USA), and IL-6 (Fluorescent, Luminex; Millipore, USA).

Blood samples were taken from the jugular veins of three pigs near the average BW in each treatment after 3 hours of fasting on the initial day, week 3, 6, 9, and 12 to measure vitamin E, selenium (Se), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and lymphocytes. All blood samples were collected in serum tubes (SST II Advance; BD Vacutainer, Becton Dickinson, Plymouth, UK) and centrifuged at 1,957×g and 4°C for 15 min (5810R; Eppendorf, centrifuge 5810R, Hamburg, Germany). Subsequently, the supernatant was separated in a microtube (AXYGEN. INC, Union City, CA, USA), and the samples of vitamin E, IL-6, and TNF-α were stored at −20°C, while the samples of Se and lymphocytes were stored at 4°C for analysis. Each measurement was conducted using the following analysis machines and techniques: Se (inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (ICP–MS); Perkin Elmer, Rodgau, Germany), vitamin E (high-performance liquid chromatography [HPLC], HPLC-UVD, PerkinElmer, Milford, MA, USA), lymphocytes (Flow cytometry, automatic blood analyzer; Sysmex, Hyogo, Japan), TNF-α (Fluorescent, Luminex; Millipore, Austin, TX, USA), and IL-6 (Fluorescent, Luminex, Millipore, USA).