Ciocalteu s phenol reagent

Fetal bovine serum (FBS), trypsin/EDTA (0.25%) and 1% penicillin–streptomycin solution were purchased from Gibco (Grand Island, NY). Oxyresveratrol, Saccharomyces cerevisiae α-glucosidase (catalog number G5003), p-nitrophenyl α-D-glucopyranoside (PNPG), Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium and Ham's F12 medium (DMEM/F12), gallic acid, quercetin, porcine pancreatic α-amylase, starch, dinitrosalicylic acid (DNS), acarbose, 4-nitrophenol, Folin and Ciocalteu's phenol reagent were purchased from Sigma–Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). Maltose and sucrose were obtained from Ajax Finechem Pty Ltd (Taren Point, NSW, Australia). 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,3-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) was purchased from Amresco (Solon, OH), and glucose liquicolor complete test kit (Cat. No. 10260) was purchased from Human GmbH (Wiesbaden, Germany). Puag-Haad was obtained from Origin Plant Co., Ltd., (Samutprakan, Thailand), briefly, it was prepared by water boiling the A. lakoocha wood chips, collecting the bubble foam, and finally drying collected material. The study was conducted in accordance with the Basic & Clinical Pharmacology &Toxicology policy for experimental and clinical studies (Tveden-Nyborg et al., 2018 (link)).

All reagents were purchased from Sigma Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA, except indicated. Dulbecco’s modified eagle’s medium (DMEM) and fetal bovine serum (FBS) were purchased Gibco, NY, USA. Penicillin/streptomycin and trpysin/EDTA were obtained Welgene, Gyeongsan-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, South Korea. The reagents 1,1-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2′-azinibis 3-ethyl benzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS), α-tocopherol, 2,4,6-tris(2-pyridyl)-s-triazine (TPTZ), iron (III) chloride hexahydrate, gallic acid, folin and ciocalteu’s phenol reagent, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and LPS were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Acetic acid was purchased from Junsei (Tokyo, Japan).