Inca detector

After polishing, the phase compositions of the pellets were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD) by a Panalytical X'Pert Pro system (Westborough, MA, USA) with a copper target (Kα = 0.15406 nm) and a step size of 0.013° 2θ. The bulk densities of the pellets were measured using the Archimedes technique with an Adam analytical scale with a hanging system (Danbury, NY, USA) where distilled water was used as the immersing medium. Except for the amorphous sample with a theoretical density of 83%, the measured densities of all the pellets were >95% of their reported theoretical densities. Phase stability of the Y₂Si₂O₇ powder was determined by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) using a TGA-Q50 system (TA instruments, New Castle, DE). Approximately 30 mg of the powders were weighed and placed in an alumina crucible then heated in an argon atmosphere at a rate of 10 °C min⁻¹ from room temperature to 1200 °C. Microstructural analyses of the sintered pellets were carried out before and after the leaching experiment via scanning electron microscopy (SEM) using the FEI Versa (USA) and energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), conducted with an Oxford Instruments INCA detector (Abingdon, UK). Raman spectra of the pellet surfaces before and after the leaching experiment were collected using a Raman spectrometer with a 514 nm laser, a 10 s exposure time, and an operating power of 20 mW.

The phase composition of the CsPbI₃ pellet and synthesized powders were confirmed via X-ray diffraction (XRD) using a Panalytical X'Pert Pro system (Westborough, MA, USA) with a copper target (Kα = 0.15406 nm) and a step size of 0.013°. The physical density of the pellet was measured via the Archimedes technique using an Adam analytical scale (Danbury, NY, USA). The microstructures of the pellet samples were examined before and after the leaching experiments via digital photography, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) using a FEI Versa (USA) with an energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) system, conducted with an additional Oxford Instruments INCA detector (Abingdon, UK). Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was used to analyze the thermal stability of CsPbI₃ using a TGA-Q50 system (TA instruments, New Castle, DE). ∼20 mg of CsPbI₃ powders were weighed and placed in an alumina crucible, after which the sample was heated at a rate of 20 °C min⁻¹ in a steady flow of argon gas at 50 mL min⁻¹ until the temperature reached 1100 °C and then cooled at the same rate to 50 °C. A measurement of the Raman shift at the pellet surface was performed before and after the leaching experiment, using a Raman spectrometer with a 514 nm laser, an exposure time of 10 s, and an operating power of 20 mW.