The viscosity of the melted dark chocolate and cocoa liquor samples was obtained by fitting shear stress and shear rate values using the Casson fitting model, Using a Viscometer (DV1 Digital Viscometer Brookfield). The spindle tool used is the 64 spindles, at a speed of 10 rpm with a temperature of 50 o C for 1 min. Friction between the spindle surface and the sample fluid determines the viscosity level [18] (link).
Dv1 digital viscometer
Manufactured by Ametek
Sourced in United States
The DV1 Digital Viscometer is a laboratory instrument designed to measure the viscosity of fluids. It provides accurate and reliable measurements of a fluid's resistance to flow, a fundamental property that is essential in various industries and research applications.
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4 protocols using dv1 digital viscometer
1
Viscosity Measurement of Melted Chocolate
2
Viscosity Measurement of Control Samples
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K-1, K-2, and K-3 samples measured the viscosity of control using a rotational viscometer (DV1 Digital Viscometer, Brookfield, WI, USA) at 25 • C. Cylindrical LV4 spindle was used, and apparent viscosity was determined at 51 s -1 shear rate.
3
Calculating Ekman Layer Thickness
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To calculate the Ekman layer thickness (c.f. (1)), the viscosity is measured and
the kinematic viscosity, v, was calculated as where μ and ρ represent the
viscosity and density, respectively. Note that, the density of the medium was
measured by averaging the mass of 1000 μL of the medium using an electric
balance (GR-200, Yamato Scientific Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan) at 8 times. The
viscosity was measured by a viscometer (DV1 Digital Viscometer; Brookfield
Ametek, Middleborough, MA, USA). Serum-free medium at 37 °C was added to a
container of about 30 mL and its viscosity was measured for 50 s.
the kinematic viscosity, v, was calculated as where μ and ρ represent the
viscosity and density, respectively. Note that, the density of the medium was
measured by averaging the mass of 1000 μL of the medium using an electric
balance (GR-200, Yamato Scientific Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan) at 8 times. The
viscosity was measured by a viscometer (DV1 Digital Viscometer; Brookfield
Ametek, Middleborough, MA, USA). Serum-free medium at 37 °C was added to a
container of about 30 mL and its viscosity was measured for 50 s.
4
Characterization of Polymer Materials
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1H and 13C NMR spectra were measured on a nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrometer equipped with Bruker Top Spin 3.2 software (Ascend 500 MHz, Bruker, Madison, WI, USA). The Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra in the range of 400 to 4000 cm−1 with a maximum resolution of 0.5 cm−1 were obtained by the attenuated total reflectance method using an FTIR spectrophotometer (IRAffinity-1S, Shimadzu, Kyoto, Japan). The glass transition temperature (Tg) and molecular weights were measured using a DSC-4000 (PerkinElmer, Waltham, MA, USA) with the heating rate of 10 °C/min and Agilent 1100 (Agilent, Santa Clara, CA, USA), respectively. The peel strength was measured on a tensile tester (HZ-1007E, MMSTECH, Bucheon, Korea). The viscosity was measured on a DV1 digital viscometer (AMETEK Brookfield, Middleboro, MA, USA). The temperature dependence of the shear storage modulus (G′) and dissipation factor (tan δ) was measured in the temperature range of 20 to 80 °C with a frequency of 1 Hz, a heating rate of 5 °C/min, and strain of 0.1% using a rheometer (MCR102, Anton Parr, Graz, Austria).
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