Jy ihr550

The morphology of molybdenum foil was characterized by SEM (S4800, Hitachi, Tokyo, Japan). A three-electrode system and a CHI 760D (Shanghai, China) electrochemical workstation were used for the electrochemical experiment. Optical images were captured with an Olympus BX 53 M microscope (Tokyo, Japan). AFM from a Bruker bioscope resolve system and silicon cantilevers from nano sensors were used for intelligent mode operation. Raman spectra were recorded from a Horiba JY iHR550 (Tokyo, Japan) system with an excitation wavelength at 532 nm. During measurements, the laser beam was focused on a spot with a 1 μm diameter by a microscope objective with a magnification of 50×, and the acquisition time was set to 5 s.

The surface and cross-sectional morphology of the Ag-TNC structures were observed using a field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM, FEI, Tecnai G2 F30). The elemental composition and valence distribution of the film were measured by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS, Thermo Fisher Scientific, ESCALAB 250Xi). The photoluminescence (PL) intensity of the array was measured using a laser of 325 nm excitation wavelength and a grating spectrometer (Horiba, JY iHR550). The diffuse reflectance absorption spectrum of the array was measured using an ultraviolet–visible spectrophotometer (UV–vis, Shimadzu, UV-3600).
Photocatalytic experiments. The photocatalysis was performed under 300 W Xe light using 15 mL of a 5 ppm MB aqueous solution. Before starting the photocatalysis, the sample was immersed in the MB solution and allowed to remain in the dark for 30 min to reach the adsorption–desorption balance. Then, the solution was placed under a light source to start the photocatalysis. Every 10 min, an aliquot of 2 mL was transferred into a UV–vis cuvette, and the change in absorbance was measured using a UV–vis spectrophotometer (Shimadzu, UV-3600). After the measurement was completed, the solution was poured back into the beaker to keep the total volume unchanged.

The synthesized Cu foam@Co₃O₄ NWs and Cu@Co₃O₄@Ag SERS substrate were characterized by SEM (JEOL, Japan, 15 kV), XRD (X’ Pert PRO MPD, The Netherlands, 5°/min, 10°–90°), Raman spectra were recorded from a Horiba JY iHR550 (France) system with excitation wavelength at 532 nm (~1.5 mW). During measurements, the laser beam was focused on a spot of 2 μm diameter by a microscope objective with a magnification of 50×. The contact angle is measured by the SINDIN contact angle measuring instrument (SDC-100, Qingdao, China), TEM and HRTEM images were acquired using a JEM-2100 electron microscopy (JEOL), with an Operating Voltage at 200 kV.