V parahaemolyticus atcc 17802

Six V. parahaemolyticus strains which consisted of 4 clinical isolates and 2 food source isolates (non-tdh and/or trh) were used as hosts for the isolation of bacteriophages (Table 1). PSU5333, PSU5322, and PSU4211 V. parahaemolyticus strains were kindly provided by Professor Dr. Varaporn Vuddhakul from the Prince of Songkla University, Thailand. V. parahaemolyticus ATCC 17802 was purchased from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), United States. Both VP8 and VP11 isolates were obtained from the laboratory stock strain at Food Safety Laboratory, Universiti Putra Malaysia. All bacterial strains used were confirmed by PCR amplification of species-specific toxR gene and pathogenicity tdh and trh genes with specific primers as mentioned in the previous study (Tan et al., 2017 (link)) and the amplified sequences were further confirmed by DNA sequencing.

All culture media were bought from Difco, MB Cell (Seoul, South Korea). AgNO₃ (Silver nitrate) was bought from Sigma-Aldrich. Two pathogens V. parahaemolyticus (ATCC 17802) and S. Typhimurium (ATCC 14028) were collected from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC). Standard antibiotics discs: Oleandomycin (OL15) 15 μg/disc, erythromycin (E15) 15 μg/disc, lincomycin (MY15) 15 μg/disc, vancomycin (VA30) 30 μg/disc, and penicillin G (P10) 10 μg/disc were gained from Oxoid Ltd., England.