Mercury 2 chloride

Manufactured by Merck Group

Sourced in United States, Germany

Mercury(II) chloride is an inorganic chemical compound with the formula HgCl2. It is a white crystalline solid that is commonly used as a laboratory reagent.

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Lab products found in correlation

Lead 2 chloride, by Merck Group (4 mentions) Potassium iodide, by Merck Group (4 mentions) Nickel 2 chloride, by Merck Group (4 mentions) Manganese 2 chloride, by Merck Group (4 mentions) Cadmium 2 chloride, by Merck Group (3 mentions) Zinc 2 chloride, by Merck Group (3 mentions) Ethanol, by Merck Group (3 mentions) Cobalt 2 chloride, by Merck Group (3 mentions) Lead 2 nitrate, by Merck Group (3 mentions) Iron 3 chloride, by Merck Group (3 mentions) Copper 2 chloride, by Merck Group (3 mentions) Silver nitrate, by Merck Group (3 mentions) Nickel 2 chloride hexahydrate, by Merck Group (2 mentions) Toluene, by Merck Group (2 mentions) Iron 3 chloride hexahydrate, by Merck Group (2 mentions) Hydrochloric acid (hcl), by Merck Group (2 mentions) Sodium hydroxide (naoh), by Merck Group (2 mentions) 2 2 diphenyl 1 picrylhydrazyl (dpph), by Merck Group (2 mentions) Sulfuric acid, by Merck Group (2 mentions) Formaldehyde, by Merck Group (2 mentions)

Close spelling variants of this product

Saturated mercury (II) chloride solution (2 citations) Mercury (II) chloride (HgCl2 (4 citations) Mercury chloride (22 citations)

29 protocols using mercury 2 chloride

Heavy Metal Analysis in Environmental Samples

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The aluminum cans were obtained from commercial shops (Mansoura, Egypt). Isatoic anhydride, dibenzoylmethane, 4-amino-2-hydroxy benzoic acid, toluene, cadmium(ii) chloride, chloroacetyl chloride, nickel(ii) chloride hexahydrate, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid tetrasodium salt dihydrate, zinc(ii) chloride, aluminum(iii) chloride hexahydrate, iron(iii) chloride hexahydrate, and lead(ii) chloride were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich. Hydrochloric acid, potassium chloride, sodium hydroxide, mercury(ii) chloride, and copper(ii) chloride dihydrate were purchased from Merck (Germany). The other chemicals were of analytical grade, obtained from Fluka (Switzerland) and were used without further purification unless otherwise stated. In addition, all aqueous solutions in this work were prepared by using doubly distilled water (resistance: 18.2 MΩ at 25 °C). It is worth mentioning that all glassware was rinsed in concentrated nitric acid solution (1% (v/v)) and washed with doubly distilled water before use. For analytical applications, the cucumber, lettuce leaves, and wastewater samples were collected from different agricultural locations in Samanoud (El-Gharbia).

Abdallah A.B., Abdelrahman E.A., Youins A.M., Ibrahim W.A, & Khalifa M.E. (2022). Selective preconcentration separation of Hg(ii) and Cd(ii) from water, fish muscles, and cucumber samples using recycled aluminum adsorbents. RSC Advances, 12(13), 7941-7949.

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Comprehensive Phytochemical Characterization

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Trolox (6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid), 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethyl benzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) diammonium salt, 2,4,6-tris(2-pyridyl)-s-triazine (TPTZ), gallic acid, aluminium chloride (AlCl₃), β-carotene and fluorescein sodium salt were procured from Sigma-Aldrich. Magnesium, mercury (II) chloride, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), sodium acetate trihydrate, Folin-Ciocalteu phenol reagent, sodium carbonate (Na₂CO₃), sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and sodium acetate trihydrate were acquired from Merck. ( +)-Catechin hydrate, Tween 20, linoleic acid, 2,2’-azobis (2- methylpropionamidine) dihydrochloride (AAPH) and di-potassium hydrogen phosphate anhydrous were obtained from ChemSoln. Iron (III) chloride-6-hydrate and sodium nitrite were acquired from Bendosen. Ascorbic acid and gelatine were purchased from R&M Chemicals, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and potassium persulphate were from John Kollin Corporation. Iron (II) sulfate, iodine and ammonia solution were obtained from Fisher Scientific and glacial acetic acid was obtained from Chemiz. Hydrochloric acid (HCl) and sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄) were from Univar. Potassium iodide was purchased from Systerm.

Yap V.L., Tan L.F., Rajagopal M., Wiart C., Selvaraja M., Leong M.Y, & Tan P.L. (2023). Evaluation of phytochemicals and antioxidant potential of a new polyherbal formulation TC-16: additive, synergistic or antagonistic?. BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies, 23, 93.

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Phytochemical and Histological Analysis

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Chemicals for extraction and phytochemical screening i.e. ethanol, mercury (II) chloride, potassium iodide, bismuth nitrate, nitric acid, sulfuric acid, potassium hydroxide, magnesium hydrochloric were in EMSURE analytical grade and purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany).
Chemicals for histological preparation i.e. ethanol, eosin, hematoxylin, formaldehyde, glacial acetic acid, paraffin, CMC, and xylene were in EMSURE analytical grade and purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany), whereas dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), picric acid, and carboxymethylcellulose were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MA, USA).

Mayanti T., Sumiarsa D., Madihah M., Dinata D.I., Darwati D., Harneti D., Gaffar S., Nurlelasari N., & Anshori J.A. (2020). Acute toxicity of ethanolic extract of Lansium domesticum cv kokossan leaves in female Wistar rats. Journal of Pharmacy & Pharmacognosy Research, 8(1), 105-116.

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Quantitative Analysis of Metal Ions

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Standard solutions of five target metal ions were copper(II) nitrate trihydrate (Sigma-Aldrich), cobalt(II) chloride (Sigma-Aldrich), mercury(II) chloride (Sigma-Aldrich), nickel(II) sulfate hexahydrate (Alfa Aesar), and manganese(II) chloride tetrahydrate (Chem-Impex International Inc). Interfering ions were potassium nitrate (Sigma-Aldrich), sodium nitrate (Aldrich), magnesium chloride hexahydrate (Alfa Aesar), and calcium nitrate tetrahydrate (Alfa Aesar) as common ions found in waters and cadmium(II) nitrate tetrahydrate (Sigma-Aldrich), lead(II) nitrate (Sigma-Aldrich), zinc(II) nitrate hexahydrate (Sigma-Aldrich), potassium dichromate (Alfa Aesar), iron(III) chloride (Sigma-Aldrich), iron(II) sulfate heptahydrate (Sigma-Aldrich), vanadium(III) chloride (Sigma-Aldrich) were also studied.
Metal ion solutions were prepared in acetate buffer (0.1 M, pH 5.0). Acetate buffer was prepared by dissolving sodium acetate (Merck) and acetic acid (Sigma-Aldrich) in Milli-Q water (Millipore Milli-Q purification system, R ≥ 18.2 MΩ cm⁻¹). Complexing agents, masking agents, and all reagents were prepared and used without purification as shown in Table S1 and S2.

Kamnoet P., Aeungmaitrepirom W., Menger R.F, & Henry C.S. (2021). Highly selective simultaneous Cu(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Hg(II), Mn(II) determination in water samples on microfluidic paper-based analytical devices. The Analyst, 146(7), 2229-2239.

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Colorimetric Mercury Detection using Au NPs

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50 nm citrate-stabilized Au NPs were purchased from nanoComposix. Aptamer sequence of 5′ -TTTTTTTTTT-3′ was obtained from Integrated DNA Technologies. All metal salts such as mercury(II) chloride were obtained from Sigma. Stock Au NP solution in 20 mM tris-HCl buffer (TH, pH 8.0) was prepared by centrifugation of raw Au NP-citrate solution, aspiration of the supernatant, and redispersion in TH buffer with 20× dilution to give a working concentration of 0.64 nM. Water samples collected from rivers, lakes, and beaches were filtered by 0.2 μm polyethersulfone membrane (Whatman) to remove sand and other solid particles within the test samples. Tap water samples and calibration solutions containing mercury(II) ions prepared in deionized water were used directly without further purification. In a typical measurement procedure, 4 μL of the sample of interest was mixed with 4 μL of 3 μM aptamer (20 mM TH buffer, pH 8.0), followed by a 5 minute reaction period. Next, 400 μL of Au NPs (0.64 nM) in 20 mM TH buffer solution was added and allowed to react for 5 minutes. Finally, 8 μL of 10 mM NaCl was added and incubated for another 10 minutes before being analyzed by the smart-phone device.

Wei Q., Nagi R., Sadeghi K., Feng S., Yan E., Ki S.J., Caire R., Tseng D, & Ozcan A. (2014). Detection and Spatial Mapping of Mercury Contamination in Water Samples Using a Smart-Phone. ACS Nano, 8(2), 1121-1129.

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Synthesis of Metal-Organic Composites

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All chemicals were commercially available and used as received unless otherwise stated. Tetrahydrofuran (THF) and dimethylformamide (DMF), both p.a. grade, were purchased from VWR Chemicals (Darmstadt, Germany), sulfur was purchased from Carl Roth GmbH and Co. KG (Karlsruhe, Germany). Diisopropenylbenzene (DIB) was purchased from TCI chemicals (Eschborn, Germany). N-benzylmethylamine, mercury(II) chloride, cadmium nitrate tetrahydrate, cobalt(II) nitrate hexahydrate, zinc nitrate hexahydrate, and lead(II) nitrate were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (Munich, Germany). Nitric acid (65%) was purchased from Th. Geyer GmbH and Co. KG. (Hamburg, Germany). Copper(II) nitrate trihydrate, l-cysteine, and Iron(III) nitrate nonahydrate were purchased from Merck KGaA (Darmstadt, Germany), and Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) (M_w = 109,000 g/mol, M_w/M_n = 1.86) was gratefully granted by Evonik Industries AG (Essen, Germany).

Thielke M.W., Bultema L.A., Brauer D.D., Richter B., Fischer M, & Theato P. (2016). Rapid Mercury(II) Removal by Electrospun Sulfur Copolymers. Polymers, 8(7), 266.

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Rapid Multi-Elemental Analysis of Water Samples

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Hydrogen tetrachloroaurate(iii) trihydrate (HAuCl₄·3H₂O), trisodium citrate (TSC), DPL, mercury(ii) chloride, and arsenic trichloride were sourced from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). The salts of the metal ions (Li⁺, Na⁺, K⁺, Ag⁺, Ba²⁺, Ca²⁺, Cd²⁺, Co²⁺, Cu²⁺, Mn²⁺, Mg²⁺, Ni²⁺, Pb²⁺, Sn²⁺, Zn²⁺, Al³⁺, Ga³⁺, Fe³⁺, Ti³⁺, Ge⁴⁺, and Cr⁶⁺) and anions (NO₂⁻, NO₃⁻, PO₄³⁻, SO₄²⁻, F⁻, Cl⁻, Br⁻, and I⁻) were purchased from Accu Standard (New Haven, CT, USA). NaCl, HCl, and NaOH were purchased from Samchun Chemical (Gyeong gi-Do, Republic of Korea). Distilled water was obtained using a Milli-Q water purification system (Millipore, Bedford, MA, USA). Reagents were used as received without further purification. To test the utility of the method, tap and pond water samples were collected from the Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) campus.

Yoon S.J., Nam Y.S., Lee Y., Oh I.H, & Lee K.B. (2021). A dual colorimetric probe for rapid environmental monitoring of Hg2+ and As3+ using gold nanoparticles functionalized with d-penicillamine. RSC Advances, 11(10), 5456-5465.

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Colorimetric Assay for Heavy Metal Detection

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The Sylgard 184 and curing agent were purchased from Dow Corning (Midland, MI, USA). Copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate (CuSO₄∙5H₂O, ≥98%), nickel(II) sulfate hexahydrate (NiSO₄∙6H₂O, ≥98%), mercury(II) chloride (HgCl₂, ≥99.5%), and cesium chloride (CsCl, ≥99.999%) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). The reagents for the detection of each element, namely potassium iodide (KI, ≥99.99%), dimethylglyoxime (DMG, ≥99%), 4,4′-bis(dimethylamino)thiobenzophenone (Michler’s thioketone, MTK, ≥85%), and 4-phenylazo-m-phenylenediamine monohydrochloride (chrysoidine G, CG, ≥95%) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich.

Choi J., Lee E.H., Kang S.M, & Jeong H.H. (2023). A Facile Method to Fabricate an Enclosed Paper-Based Analytical Device via Double-Sided Patterning for Ionic Contaminant Detection. Biosensors, 13(10), 915.

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Smartphone-based Mercury Detection Assay

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Citrate-stabilized Au NPs (50 nm) were purchased from NanoComposix. Aptamer sequence of 5′-TTTTTTTTTT-3′ was obtained from Integrated DNA Technologies. All metal salts such as mercury(II) chloride were obtained from Sigma. Stock Au NP solution in 20 mM Tris-HCl buffer (TH, pH 8.0) was prepared by centrifugation of raw Au NP-citrate solution, aspiration of the supernatant, and redispersion in TH buffer with 20× dilution to give a working concentration of 0.64 nM. Water samples collected from rivers, lakes, and beaches were filtered by a 0.2 μm polyethersulfone membrane (Whatman) to remove sand and other solid particles within the test samples. Tap water samples and calibration solutions containing mercury(II) ions prepared in deionized water were used directly without further purification. In a typical measurement procedure, 4 μL of the sample of interest was mixed with 4 μL of 3 μM aptamer (20 mM TH buffer, pH 8.0), followed by a 5 min reaction period. Next, 400 μL of Au NPs (0.64 nM) in 20 mM TH buffer solution was added and allowed to react for 5 min. Finally, 8 μL of 10 mM NaCl was added and incubated for another 10 min before being analyzed by the smart-phone device.

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Synthesis of Cadmium Telluride Nanocrystals

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Cadmium oxide (CdO) (99.999%) and Te powder
(99.999%) were purchased from Strem Chemicals. Mercury(II) chloride
(HgCl_2, 99.99%), oleic acid (OA, 90%), trioctylphosphine
(TOP, 90%), tributylphosphine (97%), triethylphosphine (1.0 M in tetrahydrofuran)
solution, octadecene (ODE, 90%), isopropanol (IPA, 99.8%), toluene
(>99.5%, anhydrous), toluene (>99.5%), acetone (>99.5%),
ethanol (≥99.8%,
anhydrous), and Alconox detergent were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich.
All chemicals were used without any further purification.

Rosina I., Martín-García B., Spirito D., Dang Z., Gariano G., Marras S., Prato M., Krahne R., De Trizio L, & Manna L. (2020). Metastable CdTe@HgTe Core@Shell Nanostructures Obtained by Partial Cation Exchange Evolve into Sintered CdTe Films Upon Annealing. Chemistry of Materials, 32(7), 2978-2985.

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