Acenaphthylene

Manufactured by Merck Group

Sourced in United States, Canada

Acenaphthylene is a chemical compound used as a laboratory reagent. It is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon with the molecular formula C₁₂H₈. Acenaphthylene is a colorless crystalline solid with a distinct odor.

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Lab products found in correlation

17 protocols using acenaphthylene

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Analysis

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All chemicals and solvents used in the current study were suitable for
high-performance liquid chromatography and were of analytical grade. The
standards for 16 PAHs (naphthalene, acenaphthylene, acenaphthylene, fluorene,
phenanthrene, anthracene, fluoranthene, pyrene,
benzo[a]anthracene, chrysene,
benzo[b]fluoranthene, benzo[k]fluoranthene,
benzo[a]pyrene, indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene,
dibenzo[a,h]anthracene and
benzo[ghi]perylene) were purchased from Supelco (Oakville, ON,
Canada).

, & Babaoğlu A.S. (2023). Assessing the Formation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Grilled Beef Steak and Beef Patty with Different Charcoals by the Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, and Safe (QuEChERS) Method with Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry. Food Science of Animal Resources, 43(5), 826-839.

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Synthesis and Purification of PAHs

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Acenaphthylene, fluoranthene, fluorene, cyclopenta[d,e,f]phenanthrene, coronene, corannulene, pyrene and perylene were all purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Sigma-Aldrich, Oakville, Canada) and used without further purification. Dibenzo[a,e]pyrene, dibenzo[a,l]pyrene were synthesized at the PAH Research Institute in Greifenberg (Dr. Werner Schmidt).

West B., Rodriguez Castillo S., Sit A., Mohamad S., Lowe B., Joblin C., Bodi A, & Mayer P.M. (2018). Unimolecular Reaction Energies for Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Ions. Physical chemistry chemical physics : PCCP, 20(10), 7195-7205.

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Comprehensive PAH Standard Solution Analysis

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A composite standard solution of 18 PAHs including acenaphthene(ANA), acenaphthylene (ANY), benzo(b)fluoranthene (BbF), benzo(k)fluoranthene (BkF), benzo(g,h,i)perylene (BPE), chrysene (CHR), fluoranthene (FLT), fluorene (FLU), naphthalene (NAP), phenanthrene (PHE), anthracene (ANT), benzo(a)- anthracene (BEA), benzo(j)fluoranthene (BjF), benzo(a)pyrene (BaP), benzo(e)pyrene (BeP), bibenzo(a,h)anthracene (BaA), indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene (IPY) and pyrene (PYR) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (USA), each at a concentration of 1000 μg·mL⁻¹. N-hexane and acetonitrile were obtained from Chongqing Xinyu Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. (China), both with an analytical grade.

Yang Q., Chen H, & Li B. (2015). Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Indoor Dusts of Guizhou, Southwest of China: Status, Sources and Potential Human Health Risk. PLoS ONE, 10(2), e0118141.

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Functionalized Carbon Nanotube Fabrication

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1,4- and 1,3-phenylene diamines and terephthaloyl chloride (TPC) were both of analytical grade (99% pure). Oxidized CNTs (outer diameter 8 nm, inner diameter 2–5 nm, length range 0.5–2 μm) with a purity of 95% were purchased from Nano Armor USA (4% oxidation). Pyrene, naphthalene, fluoranthene, acenaphthylene, phenanthrene, hexane, acetone, sodium hydroxide, 3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane (APTES), tetrahydrofuran, and anhydrous dimethylacetamide (DMAC) were purchased from Sigma Aldrich. Hydrochloric acid was obtained from J. T. Baker USA. Silica gel beads were obtained from Merck, while fused silica untreated fiber was purchased from Supelco.

Alhendal A., Almoaeen R.A., Rashad M., Husain A., Mouffouk F, & Ahmad Z. (2022). Aramid-wrapped CNT hybrid sol–gel sorbent for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. RSC Advances, 12(28), 18077-18083.

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Quantification of Organic Pollutants

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Tris (1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TCPP), Tris (2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP), Tris (1, 3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TDCPP), and Triphenyl phosphate (TPhP) were bought from AccuStandards as analytical standards for OPFRs. Analytical standards for PAHs and phthalates were purchased from Sigma Aldrich in a mixture named EPA-525 semi volatiles and quanti ed using internal standards (i) acenaphthylene (Acy-d10), phenanthrene (Phe-d12), and chrysene (Cry-d12). PAHs namely acenaphthylene (Acy), anthracene (Ant), benz (a) anthracene (BaA), benzo (a) pyrene (BaP), benzo (b) uoranthene (BbF), benzo (g,h,i) perylene (BghiP), benzo (k) uoranthene (BkF), chrysene (Chr), dibenz (a, h) anthracene (DahA), uoranthene (Flu), indeno (1,2,3-cd) pyrene (IcdP), phenanthrene (Phe), and pyrene (Pyr) were analyzed along with benzyl butyl phthalate (BzBP), bis (2-ethylhexyl) adipate (DEHA), bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP), diethyl phthalate (DEP), and dimethyl phthalate (DMP). Acetone, dichloromethane (DCM), n-hexane (n-Hex), and iso-octane were of analytical grade and obtained from Sigma Aldrich. All the glass used was baked at 400°C overnight and kept at 100°C until use.

Ali N. (2024). Dust dynamics: distribution patterns of semi-volatile organic chemicals across particle sizes in varied indoor microenvironments. Environmental science and pollution research international, 31(24).

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Synthesis and Characterization of 1,2-Epoxyacenaphthene

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Acenaphthene, acenaphthylene, and 1-acenaphthenol were obtained from SigmaAldrich (St. Louis, MO) or Wako Pure Chemical (Osaka).
1,2-EpoxyAcenaphthene (1,2-acenaphthenyl oxide) was prepared by the stepwise reaction of acenaphthylene with two molar equivalents of 3-chloroperbenzoic acid (previously washed with base and dried to remove 3-chlorobenzoic acid) in a CH₂Cl₂-phosphate buffered system:¹⁸ 79% yield, MS (atmospheric pressure chemical ionization, APCI⁺) 169.0 (MH⁺); UV (CH₃OH) ε₂₁₈ 32,000 M⁻¹ cm⁻¹, ε₂₈₈ 3,650 M⁻¹ cm⁻¹; ¹H-NMR (CDCl₃, 600 MHz) δ 4.90 (s, 2H, H-1, -2), 7.47 (dd, 2H, H-4, H-7, J = 6.8, 8.3 Hz), 7.69 (d, 2H, H-3, H-8, J = 6.8 Hz), 7.75 (d, 2H, H-5, H-6, J = 6.8, 8.3 Hz); ¹³C-NMR (CDCl₃, 125 MHz) 58.7 (C-1, C-2), 122.9 (C-5, C-6), 126.3 (C-4, C-7), 127.3 (C-3, C-8), 138.2 (C-2a, C-8a), 138.7 (C-4a, C-8b).
Other chemicals and reagents used in this study were obtained from the sources described previously or were of the highest quality commercially available.^{19 (link)-21 (link)}

Shimada T., Takenaka S., Murayama N., Yamazaki H., Kim J.H., Kim D., Yoshimoto F.K., Guengerich F.P, & Komori M. (2015). Oxidation of Acenaphthene and Acenaphthylene by Human Cytochrome P450 Enzymes. Chemical research in toxicology, 28(2), 268-278.

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Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Analysis in Gochujang

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Gochujang (Sunchang Gochujang; Chungjungone, Seoul, Korea) used in this study was
composed of brown rice (20.4%), red pepper powder (3%), and red
pepper seasoning (red pepper powder [8.3%], sea salt, garlic, and onion)
with soybeans, alcohol, yeast powder, starch syrup, brown glutinous rice flour,
sea salt, and isomaltooligosaccharide. Folin-Ciocalteu phenol reagent was
purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). All solvents and chemicals
used for PAH analysis were high-performance liquid chromatography grade. PAH
standards (naphthalene, acenaphthylene, acenaphthene, fluorene, phenanthrene,
anthracene, fluoranthene, pyrene, benzo[a]anthracene, chrysene,
benzo[b]fluoranthene, benzo[k]fluoranthene, benzo[a]pyrene,
indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene, dibenzo[a,h]anthracene, and benzo[g,h,i]perylene) and
internal standard (ISTD) solution mix (naphthalene-d₈,
acenaphthene-d₁₀, phenanthrene-d₁₀,
chrysene-d₁₂, and perylene-d₁₂) were purchased from
Sigma-Aldrich. All the other chemicals were of analytical grade.

Kim H.J., Cho J., Kim D., Park T.S., Jin S.K., Hur S.J., Lee S.K, & Jang A. (2021). Effects of Gochujang (Korean Red Pepper Paste) Marinade on Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Formation in Charcoal-Grilled Pork Belly. Food Science of Animal Resources, 41(3), 481-496.

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PAH Extraction from Environmental Samples

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The following chemicals were purchased from Sigma Aldrich, Australia: PAH mix containing: acenaphthylene (ACENY), acenaphthene (ACEN), fluorene (FLU), phenanthrene (PHEN), anthracene (ANTH), fluoranthene (FLUA), pyrene (PYR), benz (2N-FLU), 9-nitroanthracene (9N-ANT) and internal standards comprising of naphthalene-d8, phenanthrene-d10, chrysene-d12 and perylene-d12, as well as acenaphthene-d10 and flouranthene-d10 surrogate standards. Anhydrous sodium sulphate (99 % purity), n-hexane, dichloromethane and acetone (99.8 % purity) were also sourced from Sigma Aldrich, Australia.
Bond Elut C18 (500 mg) and QuEChERS extract and dispersive SPE tubes (15 ml) were purchased from Agilent Technologies, Australia. An aliquot of 20 ml hexane: acetone (4:1) was then added into the sample tube. The mixture was vortexed for 1 min and then subjected to ultrasonic treatment for 15 min followed by centrifugation at 2000 x g for 10 min. The organic layer was transferred into 60 ml amber vials after centrifugation. The extraction process of solvent addition, vortexing and centrifugation were repeated two more times and the organic extracts combined followed by concentration to approximately 500 µl.

Idowu O., Tran T.K.A., Baker P., Farrel H., Zammit A., Semple K.T., O'Connor W, & Thavamani P. (2020). Bioavailability of polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs) to the Sydney rock oyster (Saccostrea glomerata) from sediment matrices of an economically important Australian estuary. The Science of the total environment, 736.

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Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Analysis in Refinery Effluents

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Acenaphthylene, anthracene, acenaphthene, Benz[a]anthracene, phenanthrene, fluoranthene, Benzo[a]pyrene, chrysene and pyrene of high-purity grade were purchased from Sigma Chemical Company. Solvents were in analytical grade (Merck Laboratory Supplies). Fungal cultivation media and their components were obtained from Difco Laboratories. Refinery effluents were collected from three different refining areas in Egypt including Mostorod (the north of Capital Cairo), Ameria (the west north of Alexandria) and Tanta (Delta region) refineries at a discharge point, transported to laboratory in ice tank and preserved at 4 °C until analysis.

El-Bondkly A.M, & El-Gendy M.M. (2022). Bioremoval of some heavy metals from aqueous solutions by two different indigenous fungi Aspergillus sp. AHM69 and Penicillium sp. AHM96 isolated from petroleum refining wastewater. Heliyon, 8(7), e09854.

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PAH Detection in Environmental Samples

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Analytical grade (99.9% pure) acetone and hexane are purchased from Merck Millipore (Massachusetts, USA). 18 PAH standard mixture solution (Acenaphthene (AcP), Acenaphthylene (AcPy), Anthracene (Ant), Benzo[a]Anthracene (BaA), Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), Benzo[e]pyrene (BeP), Benzo[b]fluoranthene (BbFL), Benzo[g,h,i]perylene (BghiP), Benzo[j]fluoranthene (BjFL), Benzo[k]fluoranthene (BkFL), Chrysene (Chr), Dibenzo[a,h]Anthracene (DBA), Fluoranthene (FL), Fluorene (Flu), Indeno [1,2,3-cd]pyrene (InP), Naphthalene (NaP), Phenanthrene (Phe) and Pyrene (Pyr)) are obtained from Sigma–Aldrich (Missouri, USA). Powdered Benzo[e]pyrene-d12 (BeP-d12) perdeuterated internal standard is purchased from Sigma–Aldrich (Missouri, USA). 16 PAH internal standard mixture solution (1000 μg/mL in toluene) (AcP-d10, Acpy-d8, Ant-d10, BaA-d12, Bap-d12, BbFL-d12, BghiP-d12, BkFL-d12, Chr-d12, DBA-d14, Flu-d10, FL-d10, InP-d12, NaP-d8, Phe-d10, Pyr-d10) are from Chiron (Trondheim, Norway). Disposable Nylone filters (0.22 μm) are provided by Merck Millipore (Massachusetts, USA).

Wang S.W., Hsu K.H., Huang S.C., Tseng S.H., Wang D.Y, & Cheng H.F. (2019). Determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in cosmetic products by gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Journal of Food and Drug Analysis, 27(3), 815-824.

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