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39 protocols using zen 2 blue edition

1

Intravital Imaging of Lymph Node B Cell Recruitment

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WT host mice were anesthetized by intraperitoneal injection of xylazine (12.5 mg/kg) and ketamine hydrochloride (125 mg/kg) (Sanofi, Mexico-City, Mexico). The inguinal lymph node was then inoculated with 100 μl CXCL13 (25 ng/ml) (PeproTech) to promote cell recruitment. One hour later, 1 × 107 Hoechst 33342-labeled, LPS + IL-4 activated B cells were injected via the cannulated carotid artery. Venules of the inguinal lymph node were recorded using an intravital upright microscope (Axioscope, Model A1, Zeiss, Jena, Germany) with a 40 × and 0.75 saline immersion objective (Zeiss). Videos and images were analyzed using ImageJ (NIH, Bethesda, MD. USA) and Zen Blue Edition 2.5 software (Zeiss, Microscopy). The venules' diameter, the number of adherent cells, the number of transmigrated cells, and the cells' velocity were measured using ImageJ. Cell flux, blood flow, and rolling velocity were analyzed by Zen Blue Edition 2.5 software (Zeiss, Microscopy). This methodology was carried out following a previously published protocol32 .
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2

Characterization of Platelet-Like Particles

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In this manuscript, the term (input) cells is used for particles with a diameter ≥ 7 μm counted in a Malassez haemocytometer. Particles ≤ 7 μm are called platelet‐like particles (PLP). Size of particles was measured using the analytical software tools for microscopy (Zen 2, Blue edition, Carl Zeiss). The same term (PLP) is also used for flow cytometry events appearing inside a polygon gate set as a contour around bPLT as source material 23 (Figs S1a and b). This polygon gate is further referred to as the morphology gate. Particles within the morphology gate that stain positive for both surface receptor CD42b and CD41 (see below) were then defined as platelets (Fig S1c).
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3

Immunohistochemical Analysis of Lung and Liver

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Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded lung sections were stained with Alcian blue Elastin Van Gieson and immunostained for αSMA (α-smooth muscle actin; 1:150; Dako, M0851), von Willebrand factor (1:300; Dako, A0082), NF-κB (nuclear factor kappa-B; 1:400; Cell Signaling, D14E12), F4/80 (1:100; Abcam, ab111101), iNOS (inducible NO synthase; 1:100; Abcam, ab15323), and CD206 (1:100; R&D Systems, AF2535). As isotype control, IgG and IgG2a were used. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded liver sections were stained with anti-F4/80 to confirm macrophage ablation. For immunohistochemical and immunofluorescent staining, a standard protocol was followed. Histological images were visualized using a Zeiss multislide scanning microscope (Imager.Z2; Carl Zeiss, Ltd) with an Axiocam 506 color camera (Zeiss) for immunohistochemical images and MRm camera (Zeiss) for immunofluorescent images. Slides were scanned sequentially using ×20 magnification objective lens, and the analysis was performed in Zen2 blue edition (Zeiss). For all tissue macrophage quantification, positively stained cells were counted in 6 fields of view at ×200 magnification and normalized to the control group.
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Intravital Imaging of Leukocyte Trafficking

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WT and HS1-KO mice were anesthetized as described above. Cremaster muscles of WT or HS1-KO mice were prepared for IVM 24 h after sham or CLP operation. Postcapillary venules with a diameter of 20–40 μm were recorded using an intravital upright microscope (Axioscope A1, Carl Zeiss Germany) with a 40x saline immersion objective (Schnoor et al., 2011 (link)). Rolling and arrest were quantified by transillumination IVM; and transmigrated cells were quantified by differential interference contrast (DIC) microscopy. Cells that transmigrated were determined within an area of 100 μm of vessel length over 75 μm on each side of the vessel (Latasiewicz et al., 2017 (link)). Videos and images were analyzed using ImageJ (NIH, Bethesda, MD) and ZEN 2 Blue Edition (Carl Zeiss, Germany) softwares. Rolling flux fraction was calculated as percent of total leukocyte flux. Blood flow center line velocity was determined from recorded videos after tail vein injection of 50 μL of sonicated 2 μm Fluospheres (ThermoFisher Scienftific).
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Microscopy Monitoring of Cell Differentiation

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Cells after isolation, during differentiation studies and after staining were monitored on inverted light microscope (Observer Z1, Carl Zeiss, Oberkochen, Germany), under phase contrast and bright field. The images were acquired using the camera AxioCam HR (Carl Zeiss, Germany) and the software ZEN 2 blue edition (Carl Zeiss, Germany).
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Pollen Morphology Characterization by SEM

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Size and shape of four selected pollen species, Iva xanthiifolia, Populus nigra italic, Populus tremuloides, and Populus deltoids (all from: Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) were examined through an electron microscope, the EVO HD 15 (Zeiss, Jena, Germany). Samples were sputtered with a thin gold layer using a Q150R ES sputter coater (Quorum technologies, Houston, TX, USA) before imaging at 5 kV and 7.5 mm working distance. A LSM 710 Axio Observer (Zeiss, Jena, Germany) visualized autofluorescence at a wavelength of 488 nm using an EC-Plan-Neofluar 10×/0.30M27 objective (Zeiss, Jena, Germany). ZEN 2 blue edition (Zeiss, Jena, Germany) was used as computer software. Additional wavelengths (405 & 561 nm) were applied when examining the ointment samples. For SEM imaging, MucilAir™ cell inserts were dehydrated with an ethanol (VWR Radnor, PA, USA) series at room temperature (RT) (70-80-90-96 (two times) and 100% for 10 min each), followed by sputter coating.
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7

Microscopic Imaging with Apotome 2

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The Ludin chamber loaded with the sample was mounted on an Axio observer Z1 inverted microscope (Zeiss, Germany) equipped with an Apotome 2 module. The image acquisition was performed using a plan-apochromat 63x/1.4 NA oil immersion objective and excitation/emission filters of GFP and DsRed (Zeiss, Germany). Zen 2 blue edition was used for image acquisition (Zeiss, Germany) software. The images were obtained using an Axiocam 506 mono 6 Mp CCD camera with a frame size of 2752p x 2208p (as czi or tif files) at 8-bit depth. The image processing was done using Fiji (NIH, Bethesda, USA) and MetaMorph (Molecular Devices, San Jose, USA).
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8

Histopathologic Evaluation of Mouse Tissues

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Mouse livers and lungs were kept in formalin for 24 h. In the following days, the tissues were dissected, placed in tissue embedding cassettes, and submerged in 70% ethanol for dehydration. Tissues were paraffin‐embedded, sectioned, mounted on slides, routinely stained with hematoxylin and eosin, and cover‐slipped allowing histopathologic evaluation by the specialist at IDEXX BioAnalytics. Microscopic changes were graded as to severity utilizing a standard grading system whereby 0 = no significant change, 1 = minimal, 2 = mild, 3 = moderate, and 4 = severe. International Harmonization of Nomenclature and Diagnostic (INHAND) Criteria standards are used for evaluation. The use of numerical grades allows a mechanism to calculate a total score lesion score which can be used to assess the prevalence and severity of tissue changes within and between groups. The slides were imaged using Zeiss Axio Scan.Z1 slide scanner (Zeiss), and the images were cropped using the manufacturer's software (Zen 2 blue edition, Zeiss).
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9

Macrophage Response to Biomaterial Particles

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To study the macrophage response to the materials, RAW 264.7 cells were seeded at a density of 2 × 105 cells per well (in 2 mL of complete DMEM) in a sterile 12-well culture plate (Greiner Bio-One, Kremsmünster Austria). After 24 h of cultivation under standard cell culture conditions, the medium was removed, and the suspension of SC or LC material particles, made with complete DMEM, with and without the addition of 1 ng/mL of LPS, was added to the cells. Two concentrations of materials’ suspensions, 100 and 20 µg/mL, each in three replicates, were tested. Phagocytosis of the material particles was observed after 24 h incubation with material suspensions on an inverted light microscope Axio Observer Z1 (Carl Zeiss, Oberkochen, Germany) under phase contrast. The images were acquired using the camera AxioCam HR in the software ZEN 2 blue edition (Carl Zeiss, Oberkochen, Germany). The macrophage inflammatory-related secretion products were measured in media 24 h after exposure to the materials.
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10

Quantification of Hippocampal Immune Cells

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For quantification of human CD3+CD8+ and GZMA+CD8+ T cells, homologous sections of the hippocampal dentate gyrus were cut at 10-μm thickness using a microtome (Leica Biosystems). Plot sampling was conducted by using CA3 as a boundary to draw a rectangular area of approximately 2 mm2 that encompassed the molecular layer, granule cell layer and hilus. Three separate sections were sampled using a 20× objective. CD3+CD8+ T cells were then manually counted by a blinded observer in ZEN 2 Blue Edition (Zeiss).
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