Brainsight frameless stereotaxy system

Manufactured by Rogue Research

Sourced in Canada

The Brainsight frameless stereotaxy system is a laboratory equipment used for precise spatial localization and tracking of neuroanatomical structures within the brain. The system utilizes advanced imaging and computer-assisted navigation technologies to enable accurate positioning and targeting during neuroscientific research and procedures.

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Lab products found in correlation

Polaris vicra infrared camera, by Northern Digital (2 mentions) Rapid2 stimulator, by Magstim (2 mentions)

3 protocols using brainsight frameless stereotaxy system

Targeted Neuromodulation of Posterior Parietal Cortex

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Stimulation sites for tRNS and rTMS were selected based on fMRI data which localized each participant’s left and right posterior IPS (see MRI Analysis and localization of posterior IPS and Fig. 4). Brainsight Frameless Stereotaxy System (Rogue Research, Montreal, Canada) was used to align the participant with their native space functional MRI data. HF-tRNS, sham-tRNS, and LF-rTMS were delivered using the exact same methods as in experiment 1. Modeling of the electric field following tRNS and rTMS was performed in SimNIBS (Fig. 4c; Thielscher et al. 2015 (link)). Stimulation site distance from scalp was not a significant predictor of stimulation impact (Supplemental Fig. 3).

Edwards G., Contò F., Bucci L.K, & Battelli L. (2020). Controlling Brain State Prior to Stimulation of Parietal Cortex Prevents Deterioration of Sustained Attention. Cerebral Cortex Communications, 1(1), tgaa069.

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Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Protocol

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Stimulation was performed using a Magstim Rapid2 stimulator (Magstim) and a 70 mm diameter figure-of-eight coil. The TMS frequency, intensity, and duration were well within established international safety limits (Wassermann, 1998 (link); Rossi et al., 2009 (link)). Before a participant arrived for TMS testing stimulation targets were identified and marked on their MRI scan using the Brainsight frameless stereotaxy system (Rogue Research). During testing, a Polaris Vicra infrared camera (Northern Digital) was used in conjunction with the Brainsight frameless stereotaxy system to register the participant's head to their own MRI scan to accurately target stimulation throughout the experiment. All participants used earplugs to attenuate the sound of the coil discharge and avoid damage to the ear (Counter et al., 1991 (link)). All participants tolerated TMS well and none of them reported any uncomfortable sensations due to stimulation.

Sliwinska M.W., Violante I.R., Wise R.J., Leech R., Devlin J.T., Geranmayeh F, & Hampshire A. (2017). Stimulating Multiple-Demand Cortex Enhances Vocabulary Learning. The Journal of Neuroscience, 37(32), 7606-7618.

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Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Safety Protocol

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TMS was delivered using a Magstim Rapid2 stimulator and a Magstim coated Alpha Flat 50 mm diameter figure-of-eight coil (Magstim, Carmarthenshire, UK). The stimulation parameters were within established international safety limits [26 (link),27 (link)]. The TMS coil was held against the participant’s head by the experimenter who manually controlled its position throughout testing. All stimulation target sites were marked on each participant’s structural scan using the Brainsight frameless stereotaxy system (Rogue Research, Montreal, Canada). During testing, a Polaris Vicra infrared camera (Northern Digital, Waterloo, ON, Canada) was used in conjunction with the Brainsight to register the participant’s head to their structural scan for accurate stimulation targeting throughout the experiment. All participants wore earplugs in both ears to attenuate the sound of the coil discharge and avoid damage to the ear [28 (link)]. In some participants, stimulation affected the peripheral jaw muscle and produced a small jaw twitch. Only two participants found TMS over pSTS uncomfortable. Those participants were excluded from the study and no TMS data were collected. The remaining participants tolerated TMS well.

Sliwinska M.W., Elson R, & Pitcher D. (2020). Dual-site TMS demonstrates causal functional connectivity between the left and right posterior temporal sulci during facial expression recognition. Brain Stimulation, 13(4), 1008-1013.

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