Rhamnetin
Manufactured by Merck Group
Sourced in United States
Rhamnetin is a chemical compound that serves as a laboratory analytical reagent. It is used in various analytical procedures and research applications.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Quercetin, by Merck Group (7 mentions)
Kaempferol, by Merck Group (7 mentions)
Rutin, by Merck Group (6 mentions)
Isorhamnetin, by Merck Group (6 mentions)
Luteolin, by Merck Group (5 mentions)
Pinocembrin, by Merck Group (4 mentions)
Naringenin, by Merck Group (4 mentions)
P coumaric acid, by Merck Group (4 mentions)
Gallic acid, by Merck Group (4 mentions)
Apigenin, by Merck Group (4 mentions)
Sakuranetin, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Catechin, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Taxifolin, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Chrysin, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
3 o methylquercetin, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Hesperidin, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Chlorogenic acid, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Caffeic acid, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Epicatechin, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Isoquercetin, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
13 protocols using rhamnetin
1
Rhamnetin Powder Dissolution Protocol
2
Comprehensive Phytochemical Analysis Protocol
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The specific compounds, were: Caffeic acid, CAPE, chrysin, luteolin, daidzein, suberic acid, apigenin, (Alfa Aesar), pinocembrin, isorhamnetin, isosakuranetin, vitexin, orientin, rosmarinic acid, myricetin, vanillin, ursolic acid, hydroxytyrosol, tangeretin, chrysoeriol, betulinic acid, eriodictyol, sakuranetin, naringenin, t-cinnamic acid, genistein, diosmetin, resveratrol, galangin, pinocembrin 7-methyl ether, techtochrysin, (Extrasynthese) rutin, isoferulic acid, ellagic acid, kaempferol, quercetin, corosolic acid, acacetin, diosmin, protocatechuic acid ethyl ester, hesperetin, phloridzin, chlorogenic acid, p-coumaric acid, (±)catechin, maslinic acid, (Sigma Aldrich), rhamnetin, syringic acid, protocatechuic acid, ferulic acid, kaempferide, adipic acid, pinostrobin, gallic acid, pinobanksin (Fluka), naringin, hesperidin, (Acros Organics) pinobanksin-3O-acetate (Interchim Inc), cinnamylidenacetic acid, artepillin C (Wako Chemicals). o-Orselllinaldehyde was purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (USA).
Water, acetonitrile, mEthanol and formic acid were purchased from Fisher Scientific, UK and they were of LC-MS grade. Ethanol was purchased from Merck, Germany. PTFE filters (0.45 μm) were obtained from Macherey-Nagel, Germany.
Water, acetonitrile, mEthanol and formic acid were purchased from Fisher Scientific, UK and they were of LC-MS grade. Ethanol was purchased from Merck, Germany. PTFE filters (0.45 μm) were obtained from Macherey-Nagel, Germany.
3
Miconazole and Rhamnetin Inhibit APE/Ref-1 Pathway
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Miconazole (Fig. 1A ) and rhamnetin (Fig. 2A ) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Cell culture materials were purchased from Gibco BRL (Gaithersburg, MD, USA). Anti-APE/Ref-1, anti-cleaved caspase3, and anti-GAPDH antibodies were obtained from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Santa Cruz, CA, USA). All other chemicals were purchased from Sigma or Amersham Pharmacia (Piscataway, NJ, USA).
4
Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Evaluation
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Ultra-pure water (<5 µg/L TOC, (Total Organic Carbon) was obtained from a water purification system Arium 126 61316-RO, plus an Arium 611 UV unit (Sartorius, Goettingen, Germany). Methanol (HPLC grade) and formic acid (puriss. p.a. for mass spectrometry) from J.T. Baker (Phillipsburg, NJ, USA) were obtained. Folin-Ciocalteu (FC) reagent, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), ferric chloride hexahydrate, 2,4,6-tris(2-pyridyl)-s-triazine, trolox, quercetin, gallic acid, DMSO, and HPLC standards (caffeic acid phenethyl ether (CAPE), galangin, morusin, naringenin, pinocembrin, rhamnetin and shikonin, with purity higher than 95% by HPLC) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Chem. Co. (St. Louis, MO, USA) or Extrasynthèse (Genay, France). Cefotaxime was from Argentia® (Bristol-Myers Squibb, Buenos Aires, Argentina). Mueller-Hinton broth was provided by Laboratorio Britania (Buenos Aires, Argentina).
5
Extraction and Quantification of Polyphenols
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Ultra-pure water [< 5 µg/L TOC, (total organic carbon)] was obtained from a water purification system Arium 126 61316-RO, plus an Arium 611 UV unit (Sartorius, Göttingen, Germany). Methanol (HPLC grade), ethanol, formalin, and formic acid (puriss. p.a. for mass spectrometry) from J. T. Baker (Phillipsburg, NJ, USA) were obtained. Folin-Ciocalteu reagent, sodium nitrite, trolox, sulfuric acid, copper sulfate, and aluminum chloride were from Merck (Santiago, Chile). DPPH reagent, (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl), lansoprazole, ferric chloride hexahydrate, 2,4,6-tris(2-pyridyl)-s-triazine, N-ethylmaleimide (NEM), Indomethacin (IND), N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), oxalic acid, trolox, ascorbic acid, quercetin, gallic acid, DMSO, and HPLC standards (rutin, rhamnetin, and isorhamnetin, all standards with purity higher than 95% by HPLC) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Chem. Co. (St Louis, MO, USA) or Extrasynthèse (Genay, France).
6
Analysis of Phenolic Compounds
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Analytical standards (all with purity ≥ 95%) of caffeic, 5-O-caffeoylqunic, gallic, ferulic, isoferulic, homoGentisic, protocatechuic, 3-hydroxybenzoic, 4-hydroxybenzoic, rosmarinic, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic, vanillic, syringic, m-coumaric, o-coumaric, p-coumaric, salicylic, 3,4-dimethoxycinnamic, α-resorcylic, β-resorcylic, γ-resorcylic, 3,5-dimethoxybenzoic acid, 3-O-methylquercetin, chrysin, isorhamnetin, kaempferol, luteolin, morin, prunetin, rhamnetin, sakuranetin, taxifolin, and LC grade acetonitrile, methanol were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Fine Chemicals (St. Louis, MO, USA). Gentisic, sinapic, veratric acids, eriodictyol, myricetin and rhamnazin were from ChromaDex (Irvine, USA). Apigenin and naringenin were from Roth (Karlsruhe, Germany) and quercetin was from Fluka (Buchs, Switzerland). LC grade water was prepared using a Millipore Direct-Q3 purification system (Bedford, MA, USA).
7
Antioxidant Compounds Analysis Protocol
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Gallic acid (3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid), Caffeic acid, p-Coumaric acid, Ferulic acid, Luteolin, Quercetin, t-Cinnamic acid, Apigenin, Hesperidin, Rhamnetin, Chrysin, Pinocembrin, Protocatechuic acid, Chlorogenic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, Epicatechin, Syringic acid, m-hydroxybenzoic acid, Ellagic acid, Myricetin, Resveratrol, Daidzein, Curcumin, Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), Ascorbic acid were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich. Butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), 6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid (Trolox), were purchased from Fluka, USA. Potassium persulfate, Sodium carbonate, Folin–Ciocalteu solution, Aluminium chloride, Ethanol 96%, Methanol, were purchased from POCH, Poland.
8
Comprehensive Biochemical Assay Protocol
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PBS solution, acrylamide, N-ethylmaleimide, DTT, GSSG, eosin isothiocyanate, and 19 different flavonoids (quercetin, 3-O-methyl quercetin, isoquercetin, quercitrin, rutin, morin, rhamnetin, isorhamnetin, fisetin, apigenin, apigenin-7-glucoside, luteolin-7-glucoside, kaempferol, eupatorin, eupatorin-5-methyl-ether, genistein, naringenin, cyanidin, and 6,2′,4′-trimethoxyflavone) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, EDTA (0.5 M solution pH 8.0) from IBI Scientific. SYPRO Orange was from Invitrogen.
9
Phenolic Compounds Isolation and Characterization
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Carbon dioxide (mass fraction
purity 0.999 in the liquid phase) was supplied by Sapio S.r.l. (Udine,
Italy). Sep-Pak Plus tC18 cartridge WAT 036810 and WAT036800 were
purchased from Waters (Milan, Italy). The Folin–Ciocalteau
reagent, 2,2-difenil-1-picrylhydrazyl, reagents of analytical grade
or higher available purity, (−)-epicatechin, (+)-catechin,
gallic acid, 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid (protocatechuic acid), 4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxybenzoic
acid (syringic acid), 3,4-dihydroxycinnamic acid (caffeic acid), 4-hydroxy-3-methoxycinnamic
acid (ferulic acid), 4-hydroxycinnamicacid (p-coumaric
acid), and trans-resveratrol were purchased from
Sigma-Aldrich (Milan, Italy).
The other phenolic compounds were
quercetin, isoquercitrin (quercetin-3-O-glucoside),
kaempferol, kaempferol-3-O-glucoside, rhamnetin,
isorhamnetin, isorhamnetin-3-O-glucoside, rutin (quercetin-3-O-rutinoside), and myricetin and were supplied by Extrasynthese
(Lyon, France).
purity 0.999 in the liquid phase) was supplied by Sapio S.r.l. (Udine,
Italy). Sep-Pak Plus tC18 cartridge WAT 036810 and WAT036800 were
purchased from Waters (Milan, Italy). The Folin–Ciocalteau
reagent, 2,2-difenil-1-picrylhydrazyl, reagents of analytical grade
or higher available purity, (−)-epicatechin, (+)-catechin,
gallic acid, 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid (protocatechuic acid), 4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxybenzoic
acid (syringic acid), 3,4-dihydroxycinnamic acid (caffeic acid), 4-hydroxy-3-methoxycinnamic
acid (ferulic acid), 4-hydroxycinnamicacid (p-coumaric
acid), and trans-resveratrol were purchased from
Sigma-Aldrich (Milan, Italy).
The other phenolic compounds were
quercetin, isoquercitrin (quercetin-3-O-glucoside),
kaempferol, kaempferol-3-O-glucoside, rhamnetin,
isorhamnetin, isorhamnetin-3-O-glucoside, rutin (quercetin-3-O-rutinoside), and myricetin and were supplied by Extrasynthese
(Lyon, France).
10
Quantification of Phenolic Compounds
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Standards of the phenolic compounds 2-OH cinnamic acid, 4-OH benzaldehyde, apigenin, caffeic acid, catechin, chlorogenic acid, emodin, epicatechin, gallic aicd, genistein, glycitein, hesperidin, homoorientin, isoquercetin, isovitexin, isorhamnetin, kaempferol, luteolin, n-feruloyl octopamine, naringenin, neochlorogenic acid, mauritianin, miquelianin, orientin, p-coumaric acid, pinocembrin, quercetin, quercitrin, rhamnetin, rutin, salicylic acid, taxifolin, umbelliferone, vitexin, and the internal standard probenecid and verapamil hydrochloride were purchased from Sigma–Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Methanol (LC-MS grade, ≥99.9%) was obtained from Riedel de Haën (Seelze, Germany). Formic acid (LC-MS grade, 99%) was purchased from VWR (Leuven, Belgium). Pure water was attained from a Milli-Q purification system (Millipore, Bedford, MA, USA).
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