Trimethylolpropane triglycidyl ether

Vanillin (VL) (99%), ethylene carbonate (EC) (98%), potassium carbonate (K₂CO₃, 99%), sodium sulphate (Na₂SO₄), dibutyltin oxide (DBTO) (>98%), 2‐aminoethanol (>99%), trimethylolpropane tris [poly (propylene glycol), amine terminated] ether (Jefm) (average Mn of 440 g mol⁻¹), trimethylolpropane triglycidyl ether (TMPTGE), 1,2‐dimethylimidazole, and dibutyltin dilaurate (DBTDL) (>95%) were purchased from Sigma‐Aldrich. N,N‐dimethylformamide (DMF, ACS, Reag. Ph. Eur.), ethyl acetate (EtOAc, ACS, Reag. Ph. Eur.), and ethanol (EtOH) were purchased from VWR Chemicals. All chemicals and reagents were used as received.

Stainless steel (SS) was provided from POSCO. Carbon black (CB) powders purchased from Beilum Carbon Chemical Limited. Polyethylenimine (branched, average Mw ~25,000 by light scattering method, average Mn ~10,000 by GPC), trimethylolpropane triglycidyl ether, tert-butanol, iodine (I₂), guanidinium thiocyanate (GuSCN), 4-tert-butylpyridine (tBP), acetonitrile (AN), and valeronitrile (VN) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Fluorine-doped SnO₂ (FTO) glass, Ti-nanoxide T/SP. Ti-nanoxide R/SP, cis-diisothiocyanato-bis(2,2′-bipyridyl-4,4′-dicarboxylato) ruthenium(II) bis(tetrabutyl-ammonium) (N719), 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium iodide (BMII) were purchased from Solaronix SA. Spray gun (AIR BRUSH KIT, ABS-130) was purchased from Bluebird.

Glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) was provided by J&K Scientifific Ltd., Beijing, China. Ammonium chloride (NH₄Cl), potassium persulfate (KPS), sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄, 98%), hydrochloric acid (HCl, 37%), sodium hydroxide (NaOH), sodium chloride (NaCl), phenol, formaldehyde (37%), and resorcinol, were all provided by Tianjin Kemiou Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd., Tianjin, China. Tung oil (410 mPa s, 25 °C) was obtained from Guangzhou Hanhao Chemical Co. Ltd., Guangzhou, China. Trimethylolpropane tris (3-mercaptopropionate) (TMMP), trimethylolpropane triglycidyl ether (TMTGE), and 1,5,7-triazabicyclo[4.4.0]dec-5-ene (TBD, 98%) were all purchased from Sigma Aldrich Co. Ltd., Shanghai, China. All reagents were used without further purification.