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19 protocols using advantage a10

1

Fenton Reaction Analysis and Characterization

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All solutions were prepared in ultrapure water produced from a Milli-Q system (Advantage A10, Millipore, USA). Chemicals used were of at least reagent grade and purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA) or Thermo Fisher Scientific (Fair Lawn, NJ, USA). Fenton experiments were conducted employing FeCl3 and H2O2 (∼35% by weight). The initial pH was adjusted by NaOH and HCl solutions. 1,4-Benzoquinone (BQ) and tert-butanol (TBA) were used as O2˙ and HO˙ scavengers, respectively. Uridine (0.12 mM) and methanol (0.10 mM) were utilized as chemical actinometers to determine the UV fluence rate output from the MVPS.
Phenol concentration was determined by using a high-performance liquid chromatograph coupled with a photodiode-array detector (HPLC/DAD, Agilent Technologies, US). Methanol concentration was determined by a gas chromatograph equipped with a flame ionization detector (GC/FID, Shimadzu, Japan). Uridine concentration was measured by light absorption at 664 nm on a UV-Vis spectrophotometer (2600, Shimadzu, Japan) directly linked to the MVPS. H2O2 concentration was measured by Titanium(iv) oxysulfate (TiOSO4) with a detection limit of 0.01 mg L–1.39 (link) Total organic carbon (TOC) was analyzed with a TOC analyzer (TOC-VCPH, Shimadzu, Japan).
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2

Multiplex Bacterial Detection Assay

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The ultrapure deionized water (18.2 MΩ·cm) was produced from Millipore Advantage A10 (Billerica, MA, USA. Phosphate-buffered saline solution (P5493, PBS, 10 times concentrated, diluted 10:1 by deionized water) was purchased from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Bovine serum albumin (BSA) for blocking the channel was purchased from EM Science (Gibbstown, NJ, USA). Absolute ethanol for washing was purchased from Sinopharm (Beijing, China). The magnetic silica beads with a diameter of ≈1 μm for capturing the DNA were purchased from Huier Nano (HRXJ-0030, Zhengzhou, China). The nucleic acid detection kit, including reaction mixes, Taqman probes, and primers, for Escherichia coli (BD-1-210-1), Vibrio parahaemolyticus (BD-1-205), Listeria monocytogenes (BD-1-303), Salmonella typhimurium (BD-1-201-1), Staphylococcus aureus (BD-1-105), Campylobacter jejuni (BD-1-204-1), and Bacillus cereus (BD-1-420) were purchased from Huirui Biotech (Shanghai, China). The polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) for fabricating the extraction chip was purchased from Dow Corning (Sylgard 184, Auburn, MI, USA). The PDMS membrane for bonding was purchased from Rogers (HT-6240, Carol Stream, IL, USA). The Objet24 3D printer and the material (VeroWhite plus RGD835) for printing the mold of the extraction chip were purchased from Stratasys (Eden Prairie, MN, USA).
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3

Groundwater Sampling Protocols for Metals

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The samples the underground water samples from tubular wells were collected using a bucket with nylon string because it is a closed well, and only a small opening is available for collecting, and the water samples from the Amazon type wells were collected using a stainless bucket and rope, each point was collected in duplicate and then and were transferred to a 250-mL collection flask for metals in perfluoroalkoxy (PFA), which had been previously washed with a 10% HNO3 solution, and rinsed with ultrapure deionised water (MILLI-Q®, Millipore, Advantage A10®) in abundance, to remove any traces of acid from the container, for subsequent use and stored, and transported in thermal boxes containing dry ice [13 ], until arrival at the Laboratory of Metals and Ecotoxicology, the Environmental Section of the Evandro Chagas Institute.
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4

MSWI Fly Ash Chemical Characterization

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MSWI fly ash used was collected from a certified MSWI plant in Beijing, China, under the bag filter, which was first dried to a constant weight at 80 °C. The chemical reagents such as NaOH, H2SO4, HNO3, HCl, HF, CH3COOH, HONH3Cl, H2O2, CH3COONH4, and EDTA used in this study were of analytical grade expect specific claim. Deionized water was provided by the Water Purification System (Advantage A10, Millipore, Burlington, MA, USA), and all experiments were carried out at room temperature.
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5

Lipid Standards Acquisition and Purity

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The internal standards of phospholipids and CERs were obtained from Avanti Polar Lipids, Inc. (Alabaster, AL, USA). All other chemicals were of the highest grade of purity commercially available; all solvents were with a degree of purity suitable for LC-MS. The water was Milli-Q purity (Advantage A10, Millipore Corporation, Billerica, MA, USA).
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6

MCF10A Breast Cancer Cell Model

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The MCF10A progressive breast cancer cell model, which consisted of three sequentially derived human epithelial breast cell lineages comprising nontumorigenic MCF10A (A), premalignant/tumorigenic MCF10AT (T), and tumorigenic/metastatic MCF10CA1a (C), was obtained from the Bargara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute (Detroit, MI, USA) at Wayne State University, and matches the disease model used in our recent companion study (Rasmussen et al., 2022 (link)). Dithiothreitol, ammonium hydroxide, LC-MS grade formic acid, acetonitrile, methanol, and cell culture media were also all from the same resource of our recent study (Rasmussen et al., 2022 (link)). Ultrapure water was obtained from a Milli-Q Advantage® A10 and Millipore Elix® water purification system. All the pteridine standards, including leucopterin, were also purchased from Schircks Laboratory (Jona, Switzerland). The stock standard solutions of each pteridine were also prepared in the same way. Leucopterin was prepared at 1 mg/L in ultrapure water with 3.7% 2 N ammonium hydroxide measured quantitatively in this study owing to its poor solubility.
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7

Salmonella Detection via Immunomagnetic Separation

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The polyclonal antibodies against salmonella purchased from Abcam (ab69255, Cambridge, MA, USA) were used for specifically reacting with salmonella typhimurium. The carboxyl modified magnetic nanoparticles with an average diameter of 150 nm and a Fe concentration of 1 mg/mL were obtained from Ocean Nanotech (San Diego, CA, USA) for immunomagnetic separation. Phosphate-buffered saline solution (PBS, P5493, 10 times concentrated) from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA) was 10 times diluted with deionized water to prepare the PBS solution (pH 7.4, 0.01 M). Tween-20 purchased from Amresco (Solon, OH, USA) was used for washing. Luria-Bertani (LB) medium (Aoboxing Biotech, Beijing, China) was used for bacteria culture. Bovine serum albumin (BSA) from EM Science (Gibbstown, NJ, USA) was used for blocking. All the solutions were prepared with deionized water produced by Advantage A10 from Millipore (Burlington, MA, USA).
The silicone elastomer kit from Dow Corning (Sylgard 184, Auburn, MI, USA) was used for fabricating the fluidic chip. The Objet24 3D printer and the printing material (VeroWhite plus RGD835) from Stratasys (Eden Prairie, MN, USA) were used for fabricating the mold of the fluidic chip.
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8

Oxidative Degradation of Micropollutants

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All chemical reagents were of analytical grade or higher. Anisole (AS), methanol (MeOH), p-chlorobenzoic acid (pCBA), and potassium persulfate (K2S2O8) were purchased from Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc. (USA), while MB, tert-butyl alcohol (TBA), and uridine were supplied by Sigma-Aldrich, Inc. (USA). Humic acid (HA) and H3PO4 (≥ 85% w/w) were obtained from Aladdin Bio-Chem Technology Co., Ltd. (China). The other reagents were purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. (China). All solutions were prepared with ultrapure water (resistivity > 18.2 MΩ cm) produced by a Milli-Q water purification system (Advantage A10, Millipore, USA).
Filtered water (FW), surface water (SW), and secondary wastewater effluent (WE) were collected from a local drinking water treatment plant, an urban river, and a municipal wastewater treatment plant, respectively (Beijing, China). All water samples were immediately transported to the laboratory in a portable refrigerator, vacuum-filtered through 0.45-μm membrane filters to remove any particles, and stored at 4 °C prior to analysis and testing.
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9

TCA Precipitation of Dried Samples

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Trichloroacetic acid (TCA) precipitation of the dried samples was carried out according to the protocol of Barkla et al. [42 (link)] with minor modification. In summary, 500 μl MilliQ water (Advantage A 10, Millipore, USA) was added to the dried samples and vortexed lightly. This was followed by addition of 100 μl of 10X TE (standard Tris-EDTA buffer) [43 (link)] and 100 μl of 0.3% NaDoC (Sodium deoxycholate). Finally, 100 μl of 72% TCA was added, and the samples were vortexed and incubated on ice for one hour. The samples were then centrifuged at 4°C for 20 min at 11000g. The supernatant was carefully aspirated, and the pellet was resuspended in 500 μl of 90% methanol. The sample was incubated in a -20°C freezer overnight. The samples were then centrifuged at 4°C for 20 min at 11000g and the supernatant aspirated. The pellets were air dried and then stored at -80°C.
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10

Salmonella Detection Using Clickable Nanoprobes

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Phosphate buffered saline (PBS, 10 mM, pH 7.4) from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA) was used as buffer solution. CUR from Aladdin (Shanghai, China) was used as signal reporter. Sodium hydroxide from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent (Shanghai, China) was prepared with a concentration of 0.1 M to release the CUR. BSA from Coolaber (Beijing, China) was used for blocking and also for preparing the BSA-CUR NPs (20 mg/mL). Ethanol (99%, v/v) from Deen Reagent (Tianjin, China) was used for dissolving the CUR. TCO-PEG4-NHS ester (TCO) and tetrazine-sulfo-NHS ester (Tz) from Click Chemistry Tools Bioconjugate Technology (Scottsdale, AZ, USA) were used for the click reaction. Streptavidin-modified MNPs with a diameter of 150 nm from Ocean NanoTech (Springdale, AR, USA) were used for separating S. typhimurium from the samples. mAbs against Salmonella from Meridian (Memphis, TN, USA) were used to specifically capture the target bacteria. The biotin labeling kit from Elabscience (Wuhan, China) was used for biotinylating the mAbs. pAbs against Salmonella from Abcam (Cambridge, MA, USA) were used for specific reaction with the target bacteria. All the solvents and chemicals were from Sinopharm Chemical (Shanghai, China) and were of analytical grade. Deionized water produced by Advantage A10 from Millipore (18.2 MΩ∙cm, Billerica, MA, USA) was used to prepare all the solutions.
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