At each site, we measured dissolved oxygen (mg O2 L−1), conductivity (μS cm−1), and water temperature (°C) using a Hach HQ30D portable Multi Meter. We also filtered 50 ml of water from each farm dam using syringe filters with Filtech 483 Glass fiber filter paper (1.10 μm retention, 25 mm diameter). We froze all filtrated water samples immediately after collection and sent them to ALS Environmental (alsglobal.com , Everton Park QLD 4053 Australia) to analyze total nitrogen following APHA 4500‐Norg / 4500‐NO3− (method EK062G; mg N L−1) and total phosphorus following APHA 4500‐P (method EK067G; mg P L−1). All analyses followed standard protocols and included quality controls. Finally, we took three pH measurements at each dam using the YSI ProDSS Multiparameter Digital Water Quality Meter (Xylem Analytics, Yellow Springs, OH 45387 USA), taking measurements at 1.5 m from the water's edge and at 20 cm depth. We rinsed the sensors with demineralized water between samples and sites and always calibrated probes before use.
Hq30d
Manufactured by HACH
Sourced in United States
The HQ30d is a portable, multi-parameter meter designed for versatile water quality testing. It is capable of measuring various parameters including pH, dissolved oxygen, and conductivity. The HQ30d provides accurate and reliable measurements with a user-friendly interface.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Nicolet 6700, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (3 mentions)
Dr3900, by HACH (2 mentions)
Escalab 250xi, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions)
Lc 2030c, by Shimadzu (1 mentions)
Zorbax, by Agilent Technologies (1 mentions)
940 professional ic vario, by Metrohm (1 mentions)
Toc l cpn, by Shimadzu (1 mentions)
Abi 7500, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Nanodrop nd 1000, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Model 5417r, by Eppendorf (1 mentions)
Model 16900, by HACH (1 mentions)
Nylon filter, by GE Healthcare (1 mentions)
Spss software version 19, by IBM (1 mentions)
Ldo10101, by HACH (1 mentions)
Organic carbon analyzer, by Analytik Jena (1 mentions)
Agilent 7500, by Agilent Technologies (1 mentions)
Ms 222, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Dr600 spectrophotometer, by HACH (1 mentions)
Flash ea 1112 n, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Dr890, by HACH (1 mentions)
47 protocols using hq30d
1
Comprehensive Freshwater Quality Analysis
2
Water Quality Monitoring Protocol
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In this experiment, the temperature and pH were measured using a portable PHB-3 pH meter (Sanxin Instrument Factory, Shanghai, China), and the DO was measured using an HQ30d portable dissolved oxygen meter (HACH, USA). An online pH monitoring system was set up in the regulating tank (DPH10AC+DPH-SOC10, Tianjian Innovation Environment Technology Co., Ltd, Beijing, China). The routine test items included the COD, NH4+-N, NO2−-N, TN, and TP. The COD was determined following the standard method [29 ], the contents of NH4+-N and NO2−-N were determined by colorimetry following the standard method [29 ], and the TN content was determined via ultraviolet spectrophotometry with alkaline potassium persulfate digestion [29 ]. The TP content was determined following the method proposed by Yue et al. [30 ].
3
Wastewater Sampling and Analysis for SMZ
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The influent and effluent samples were collected daily and centrifuged at 10,000 rpm for 10 min, and the supernatant was taken to determine COD, -N, and levels as previously described (Zhou et al., 2022 (link)). The DO and pH values were measured using a DO meter (YSI 550A, USA) and a pH meter (HQ30d, HACH, America). The supernatant samples were filtrated using a 0.22-μm filter membrane (PTFE) for SMZ quantification using an analytical liquid chromatograph (LC-2030C, Shimadzu, Japan), equipped with the SB-C18 chromatographic column (Agilent ZORBAX, 150 × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) at a detection wavelength of 270 nm, an injection volume of 20 μL, and a flow rate of 1 mL/min. A combination of two mobile stages was programmed with pure water (A) and acetonitrile (B), and the mobile stage elution gradient was 0–2 min 60% A, 2–4 min 70% A, and 4–6 min 75% A.
4
Wastewater Treatment Efficiency Analysis
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Liquid phase samples from the raw wastewater and the effluents of the UASB reactor and the HRAPs were collected every sample day at 10:00 am ± 2 h. Physical-chemical parameters analyzed were pH, temperature, dissolved oxygen (DO), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total and volatile suspended solids (TSS and VSS), total nitrogen (TN) and ammonium nitrogen (NH4+-N). Temperature, pH and DO were determined in-situ using a portable Hach® sensor - (HQ30D). COD was measured through a Hach® kit COD at high range. TSS and VSS were determined according to Standard Methods (APHA-AWWA-WEF, 2017 ). TN and NH4+-N were analyzed by ionic chromatography (Metrohm® - 940 professional IC Vario). These chemical parameters were used to determine the loadings of microorganisms present in the solid phase system and to evaluate the treatment efficiency.
For microalgae biomass characterization, samples were taken once a week from the settler. Total and volatile solids (TS and VS) and total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN) were analyzed according to standard procedures (APHA-AWWA-WEF, 2017 ). Total COD was analyzed using Hach® kit COD at high range. For protein content, a conversion factor of 5.95 was used based on the results of TKN (López et al., 2010 (link)). Microalgae production was calculated using the methodology presented by Vassalle et al. (2020a (link)).
For microalgae biomass characterization, samples were taken once a week from the settler. Total and volatile solids (TS and VS) and total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN) were analyzed according to standard procedures (APHA-AWWA-WEF, 2017 ). Total COD was analyzed using Hach® kit COD at high range. For protein content, a conversion factor of 5.95 was used based on the results of TKN (López et al., 2010 (link)). Microalgae production was calculated using the methodology presented by Vassalle et al. (2020a (link)).
5
Analysis of Wastewater Nutrient and EPS
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The levels of NH4+–N, NO2−–N, NO3−–N, TN, and COD were measured according to the standard methods.19 The DO concentration was measured by a DO meter (HQ 30d, HACH, US). Both the LB-EPS and TB-EPS extractions were analyzed for total organic carbon (TOC), PN, PS and DNA. TOC was measured by a TOC analyzer (TOC-L CPN, Shimadzu, Japan). PN was analyzed by an adaptation of the Lowry method using casein as the standard, PS was determined using the anthrone method with a glucose standard, and DNA was detected by the diphenylamine colorimetric method.21 (link)
6
Comprehensive Analytical Instrumentation Setup
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Hardness tester (model 16900, Hach Company, Loveland, CO, USA), dissolved oxygen tester (HQ30d, Hach Company, Loveland, CO, USA), electronic analysis balance (ATY124, Shimazu Company of Japan), ultrasonic cleaning machine (UC-4600, Shenzhen Lanjie Ultrasonic Electric Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, China), ultra-pure water machine (UPR table type, Sichuan Youpu Ultra-pure Technology Co., Ltd., Chengdu, China), hand-held homogenizer (S10, Shanghai Jingxin Industrial Development Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China), UV spectrophotometer (UV-3000PC, Shanghai Meipuda Instrument Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China), six-link magnetic heating stirrer (HJ-6A, Jintan District Shuibei Science Experimental Instrument Factory, Changzhou, China), digital display constant temperature water bath (HH4, Shanghai Lichen Bangxi Instrument Technology Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China), low temperature centrifuge (model 5417R, Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany), real-time PCR System (ABI 7500, Thermo Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA), thermal cycle (MODEL ETC-811, Beijing Dongsheng Innovation Co., Ltd., Beijing, China), gel electrophoresis and imaging system (Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc., Hercules, CA, USA), and micro UV nucleic acid quantification system (NanoDrop ND-1000, Thermo Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA) were used.
7
Optimized Malt Extract Fermentation
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Malt extract medium consisting of 166 g/L of malt extract (Brewferm spraymalt 8 EBC) supplemented with 0.5 mg/L ZnSO4, was autoclaved at 110°C for 15 min. After autoclaving, the malt extract medium was cold settled overnight and filtered through a nylon filter (GE Healthcare) to remove insoluble precipitates. The final gravity of the malt extract medium was 15°P. Before fermentation, the medium was over-aerated by purging with pure oxygen supplied in a gas bottle to provide enough oxygen for the biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids. The oxygen level was approximately 20 mg/L, measured by an HQ30D dissolved oxygen meter with an LDO101 luminescent dissolved oxygen sensor (HACH).
8
Rare Minnow Culture and Cadmium Exposure
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One hundred and sixty-two healthy and mature rare minnow (♀:♂ = 1:1, 8 months old), spawned within 7 days, were collected from the National Aquatic Biological Resource Center, NABRC. These fish were randomly cultured in several 3-L polycarbonate tanks. Females and males were cultured separately. No dead fish were recorded during the 7 days acclimatization period. During the period of acclimatization and experimentation, these fish were fed to satiety twice daily with ozone-disinfected frozen red worms (Chironomus flaviplumus) (Yuerle, Tianjin, China). The photoperiod was controlled as a 12:12 h light: dark cycle. The water quality parameters were maintained as follows: water temperature, 25.8°C ± 0.95°C, pH, 8.32 ± 0.21, dissolved oxygen, 8.29 ± 0.52 mg/L, and total hardness, 259.73 ± 40.92 mg/L (CaCO3). These parameters were determined by a water quality analyzer (HQ30d, Hach, Loveland, Co., United States) on a daily basis. Water or exposure solution was completely replaced daily during the period of acclimatization and experiment to maintain water quality and Cd concentration. All experiments carried out were approved by the Ethics Committee of the Wuhan Polytechnic University in Hubei Province, China (number WPU-F20210401, approval date 1 April 2021).
9
Comprehensive Water Quality Analysis
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The various organic masses in water were uniformly measured according to the measurement method of COD. The standard method also measured COD, NH4+, SO42−, NO2−, and NO3. The mixed liquor suspended solids and the mixed liquid volatile suspended solids (MLVSS) were determined gravimetrically. The above analytical methods were derived from the fourth edition of the Water and Wastewater Monitoring and Analysis Method [23 ]. The TN was also calculated as the sum of the concentrations of nitrate, nitrite, and ammonium nitrogen. The dissolved oxygen and pH were measured manually by a dissolved oxygen meter (HQ30D, Hach, Loveland, CO, USA) and a pH meter (Phs-25, LiDa, Shanghai, China), respectively. The ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy was conducted by a spectrophotometer model UV2400 (Hengping, Shanghai, China). Origin 8.5 performed data plotting and statistical analysis.
10
Nitrogen Removal Efficiency Analysis in Wastewater
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Ammonia nitrogen (NH4+–N), nitrite nitrogen (NO2–N) and nitrate nitrogen (NO3–N) were measured according to standard methods per two days (APHA, 2005), and the removal efficiency of each index was calculated according to Eq. (1 ). Mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS) was defined as drying at 105 °C for 12 h once per two days. DO and pH were measured by a multi-parameter water quality analyzer (HQ30D, HACH, USA). The free ammonia (FA) and free nitrous acid (FNA) concentrations were calculated according to Eq. (2 ) and (3 ). SPSS software (version 19.0) was applied to carry out T test to test the differences among various samples, and it was considered the differences were statistically significant when p < 0.05.
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