Malvern mastersizer scirocco 2000

The determination of the D_0.1, D_0.5, and D_0.9 values was carried out with laser diffraction (Malvern Mastersizer Scirocco 2000; Malvern Instruments Ltd., Worcestershire, UK). Approximately 0.5 g of the samples were filled into the feeder tray. The following settings/parameters were applied: dry analysis method, official refractive index of CIP from the Malvern database, 2.0 bars dispersion air pressure, 75% vibration feed, 12 s measuring time. For each sample, three parallel investigations were executed. The span value was calculated based on the following equation [45] (link): $\text{Span}=\frac{D_{0.9}-D_{0.1}}{D_{0.5}}$

Laser diffraction was used to determine the particle size, the particle size distribution, and the specific surface area of our samples (Malvern Mastersizer Scirocco 2000, Malvern Instruments Ltd., Worcestershire, UK). The refractive index of IBU was set to 1.550. The solid particles were observed using the dry dispersion equipment. A dispersion air pressure of 3.0 bar and 75% vibration feed were used. Each sample was tested in triplicate. The values of D [0.1] (10% of the volume distribution is below this value), D [0.5] (50% of the volume distribution is below this value), and D [0.9] (90% of the volume distribution is below this value) were used to describe the particle size distribution (PSD). The particle size distribution provided Span values; the higher the Span value, the broader the distribution. The PSD values were used to calculate the specific surface area (SSA). The calculations were performed with the presumption that the particles were spherical. SSA data predicted the dissolution properties of the products.

In order to measure the particle size distribution of the prepared powders, LEICA Image Processing and Analysis System (LEICA Q500MC, LEICA Cambridge Ltd., Cambridge, UK) was used. The size was determined using 350 particles per product. The particles were described in detail by their length, breadth, surface area, perimeter and roundness. The Malvern apparatus (Malvern Mastersizer Scirocco 2000; Malvern Instruments Ltd., Worcestershire, UK) was used for laser diffraction required for determination of powders particle size distributions. The sample (approx. 1 g) was loaded into the feeder tray. The dispersion air pressure was fixed at 2.0 bar to determine if particle attrition has occurred. Obscuration was kept between 10.0% and 15.0% throughout the whole measurement duration. The particle size distribution was characterized by the D (0.1), D (0.5) and D (0.9) values and the specific surface area (SSA).

Laser diffraction was used to establish the particle size distribution of the samples (Malvern Mastersizer Scirocco 2000, Malvern Instruments Ltd., Worcestershire, UK). Approximately 0.5 g of the microcomposite was loaded into a feeder tray. The dry analysis method was used, so the air was the dispersion media for the examined particles. The dispersion air pressure was set to 2.0 bars in order to determine whether particle attrition had occurred. Three parallel measurements were implemented. The particle size distribution was characterized by the D (0.1), D (0.5), and D (0.9) values.

In order to determine the particle size and particle size distribution of the nano-spray-dried formulation, laser diffraction was used (Malvern Mastersizer Scirocco 2000, Malvern Instruments Ltd., Worcestershire, UK), utilizing the dry dispersion unit. Approximately 0.1–0.3 g of products was loaded into the feeding tray. The dispersion air pressure was 3.0 bar and a vibration feed of 75% was used. The particle size distribution was characterized by the D[0.1]—10% of the volume distribution is below this value; D[0.5]—the volume median diameter; D[0.9]—90% of the volume distribution is below this value; D[2 (link),3 (link)]—Sauter mean diameter; and D[3 (link),4 (link)]—De Brouckere mean diameter and the calculated Span (as the width of the distribution) values. All measurements were carried out in triplicate with individual batches (n = 3), and the results are expressed as the average ± SD. Span was calculated via the following equation: $$\mathrm{Span}=\frac{\mathrm{D}\left[0.9\right]-\mathrm{D}\left[0.1\right]}{\mathrm{D}\left[0.5\right]}$$

Laser diffraction was used to determine the particle size and the particle size distribution of our samples (Malvern Mastersizer Scirocco 2000, Malvern Instruments Ltd., Worcestershire, UK). The wet dispersion unit was used to measure the particle size of the nanosuspension. We set the refractive index of MX (1.720) and measured it in purified water with 2000 rpm stirring. The dry dispersion unit was used to observe the spray-dried microcomposites. Approximately 0.5–1.0 g of product was loaded into the feeding tray. The dispersion air pressure was adjusted to 3.0 bar and 75% vibration feed was used. Each sample was measured in triplicate. The particle size distribution was characterized by the D[0.1] (10% of the volume distribution is below this value), D[0.5] (the volume median diameter is the diameter where 50% of the distribution is above and 50% is below), and D[0.9] (90% of the volume distribution is below this value) values. The size distribution Span was calculated according to Equation (1). A high Span value denotes a broad particle size distribution. The higher the Span value, the broader the particle size distribution [20 (link)]. We obtained the specific surface area (SSA) data, which predict the dissolution and permeability properties of the samples.
$\mathrm{Span}=\frac{\mathrm{D}\left[0.9\right]-\mathrm{D}\left[0.1\right]}{\mathrm{D}\left[0.5\right]}$