Leupeptin hemisulfate

Flag antibody was from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA), the 4G10 and GST antibodies were from Millipore (Bilerica, MA, USA), GAPDH and V5 antibodies were purchased from MBL (Woods Hole, MA, USA), Fyn antibody was from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Santa Cruz, CA, USA), LC3 antibody was from Novus Biologicals (Littleton, CO, USA) and p62 antibody was from Enzo Life sciences (Exeter, UK). All other antibodies were purchased from Cell Signaling (Boston, MA, USA). Bafilomycin A1 and AICAR were from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). TNFα and Metformin were from EMD Millipore (Bilerica, MA, USA), Toronto Research Chemicals (Toronto, Ontario, Canada) and Cayman Chemical (Ann Arbor, MI, USA) respectively. Leupeptin Hemisulfate was from Fisher Scientific (Pittsburgh, PA, USA). DharmaFECT Duo Transfection Reagent and siRNAs for AMPKα1, α2 and Fyn were purchased from GE Healthcare (Little Chalfont, UK). X-tremeGENE HP DNA Transfection Reagent were from Roche (Basel, Switzerland). All other reagents were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich.