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21 protocols using labram hr system

1

Characterization of Novel Compounds

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Melting points were determined
in open capillaries and are uncorrected.
IR spectra were recorded on a Spectrum BX FT-IR system, PerkinElmer
max in cm–1) on KBr disks. 1H NMR and 13C NMR (400 and 100 MHz, respectively)
spectra were recorded using a Bruker Avance II-400 spectrometer, using
CDCl3 as the solvent (chemical shifts in δ with TMS
as internal standard). Mass spectra were recorded on a Waters ZQ-4000
system. Transmission electron microscopy analysis was carried out
using a JEOL JSM 100CX system. Scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive
X-ray analysis were carried out using a JSM-6360 (JEOL) system. Thermogravimetric
analysis was carried out using a PerkinElmer Precisely STA 6000 simultaneous
thermal analyzer. CHN analysis was carried out using a CHN-OS analyzer
(PerkinElmer 2400, Series II). Powder XRD analysis was carried out
using a Bruker D8 Advance XRD instrument SWAX. Raman analysis was
carried out on a Horiba Jobin Vyon, model Lab Ram HR system. X-ray
photoelectron spectroscopy was performed using a PHI 5000 Versa Prob
II, FEI Inc. system. Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy
analysis was carried out on an Arcos simultaneous ICP spectrometer.
Silica gel G (E-Merck, India) was used for TLC analysis. Hexane refers
to the fraction boiling between 60 and 80 °C.
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2

Structural Analysis of V2O5 Nanowires

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The morphology of the received V2O5 NWs was studied through SEM SU82400 from Hitachi. The nanostructure crystallinity was studied using XRD with Cu Kα1 radiation on the Bruker D8 Venture kappa geometry diffractometer equipped with a Photon‐II CPAD detector. The scans were performed in the 2θ range from 10° to 50° at a scanning rate of 0.02° s−1. Room‐temperature Raman spectra of as‐received V2O5 NWs were obtained using a LabRAM HR system (Horiba Jobin Yvon). An excitation wavelength of 532 nm and a power <1 mW was used. A lens of 100× magnification was used to focus the laser beam and to collect the scattered light dispersed by a holographic grating with 2400 lines/mm.
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3

Raman Analysis of Graphene

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A Raman experiment was performed using a Horiba LabRAM HR system under ambient conditions using a laser with a wavelength of 514 nm. We used a low incident laser power less than 0.5 mW with a spot size of ~1 μm and a short irradiation time of 10 sec to prevent any additional degradation of the graphene by the laser irradiation during the Raman measurement.
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4

Raman Spectroscopy and Atomic Force Microscopy

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The LabRAM HR system (Horiba Scientific) was used for the Raman spectra with a 514 nm wavelength laser and a 100 × objective lens (beam exposure time: 10–15 s). The AFM image under tapping mode was obtained with the Park Systems XE-100 AFM.
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5

Comprehensive Material Characterization Protocol

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The samples were characterized by different analytical techniques. Simultaneous TG/DSC analysis was performed on a NETZSCH STA 449 C Jupiter system. Optical image was captured on a Nikon Microphot-FXA microscope. SEM observations were made on a JEOL JSM-6700F field-emission SEM. TEM images, SAED pattern, EELS, and EDS were obtained on a JEOL JEM-2100F STEM (200 kV, field-emission gun) system equipped with an Oxford INCA x-sight EDS and an ENFINA 1000 EELS. XPS spectra were acquired on a Thermo Scientific Escalab 250Xi spectrometer. XRD measurement was conducted using a Rigaku SmartLab Intelligent X-ray diffraction system with filtered Cu Kα radiation (λ = 1.5406 Å, operating at 45 kV and 200 mA). Raman measurement was taken using a Horiba Jobin Yvon LabRAM HR system with a laser wavelength of 488 nm. The nitrogen adsorption and desorption isotherms were obtained at 77 K with a Micromeritics ASAP 2020 volumetric adsorption analyzer.
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6

Thermal and Raman Analysis of Materials

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Simultaneous TGA/DSC analysis were performed on a NETZSCH STA 449 C Jupiter System under flowing N2. Raman measurement was taken using a Horiba Jobin Yvon LabRAM HR System with a laser wavelength of 488 nm. The laser spot size is ∼1 μm with 1.48 mW power. The Raman spectrum was collected with a × 100 Olympus objective lens with a numerical aperture of 0.8, and the acquisition time was set to 5 s. The matched CCD (charge-coupled device) is CCD-7041 from Horiba Jobin Yvon. The Si peak at 520 cm−1 was used for precalibration in the experiments.
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7

Comprehensive Characterization of Novel Materials

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UV–vis absorption spectra were
recorded on a Varian UV–visible spectrophotometer at room temperature.
Rigaku powder diffractometer (Cu Kα radiation, λ = 1.514
Å) was used to perform PXRD spectra. Raman spectroscopy measurement
was performed using a Jobin Yvon Horiba LABRAM-HR system equipped
with a 632.8 He–Ne laser beam. TEM and HRTEM images were recorded
using Thermo Scientific, Themis 300 G3. JEOL JSM-7600F FEG-SEM with
EDS attachment was used to collect SEM images. XPS (Axis Supra Model,
SHIMADZU group) used to record XPS data.
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8

Raman Spectroscopy of Single Cells

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Samples pretreatment and SCRS acquisition were performed as we previously described with slight modification (Teng et al., 2016 (link); Tao et al., 2017 (link)). In brief, SCRS were obtained using a Clinical Antimicrobial Susceptibility Test Ramanometry instrument (CAST-R; Qingdao Single-Cell Biotech Inc, China) or a modified confocal Raman-fluorescent microscope based on LabRam HR system (Horiba Ltd., U.K.). The acquisition time for each cell was 1 s.
Pre-processing of raw SCRS data was performed using R (version 3.5.1), including background subtraction and area normalization. Spectra were cropped to a spectral region of interest ranging from 600 cm−1 to 1800 cm−1 for chemometrics analysis.
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9

Single-cell Raman-based 13C Tracing

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All the single-cell Raman spectra were acquired on a RACS-Seq system (Qingdao Single-cell Biotech, China) or a LabRam HR system (Horiba, France). The spectra were analyzed with LabSpec 6 software and customized scripts. The Raman bands in SCRS from carotenoid-containing cells were determined and further analyzed to establish a relationship between the significant Raman shifts and 13C absorption. The Raman bands in SCRS of carotenoid-containing cells from a 12C-labeled sample were used as controls. Cells with a 13C shift in SCRS were isolated using the RAGE chip as described above. After that, the tube which contained the target cells in a one-cell-one-tube manner was then moved into a laminar hood, and lysis buffer (Qiagen, USA) was added for the following cell lysis.
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10

Characterization of Reduced Graphene Oxide Nanosheets

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The size and surface morphology of rGO nanosheets were investigated by AFM (Bruker Dimension, USA) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM, Hitachi Regulus, Japan) at an accelerating voltage of 5 kV. The thickness of the rGO nanosheets could also be determined from the AFM results. FTIR spectra were collected via a Thermo Nicolet iN 10 spectrometer (Thermo-Fisher, USA) with the laser operating at 77 K in a liquid nitrogen environment. XPS analysis was carried out using a Thermo Scientific EXCALAB 250 XI system (Thermo-Fisher, USA). Raman spectra of the materials were collected using a Horiba-JY Labram HR system (HORIBA JY, France). A Perkin Elmer Lambda 25 spectrometer (Perkin Elmer, USA) was used to investigate the absorbance of rGO nanosheets. All the electrical measurements were performed at 25 °C and 40% humidity using an Agilent B1500A semiconductor parameter analyzer (Keysight, USA).
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