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5 protocols using protease inhibitor cocktail with edta

1

Triton X-100 Extraction of Tight-Junction Proteins

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Tight-junction proteins were assessed for changes to Triton X-100 extractability as described earlier12 (link) with modifications. After 6 days in culture on Transwell-permeable supports, AECs were washed 2 × with ice-cold DPBS. After washing, four wells were combined and cells were scraped 2 × into ice-cold DPBS containing protease inhibitor cocktail with EDTA (Roche). Cells were centrifuged for 8 min at 500 g at 4 °C, resuspended in DPBS with protease inhibitor cocktail (Roche) containing 0.1% (v/v) Triton X-100 and incubated for 30 min at 4 °C. Next, cells were centrifuged at 100,000 g for 30 min at 4 °C, to separate the lysate into Triton-soluble (supernatant) and -insoluble (pellet) fractions. The samples were equivalently diluted in SDS–PAGE sample buffer, heated for 10 min at 70 °C, then analysed by SDS–PAGE and immunoblotting as described above.
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2

Subcellular Fractionation and Protein Analysis

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Cells in 3 confluent 15-cm dishes were washed in ice-cold PBS, scraped in 10 ml SHB and pelleted by centrifugation. Cells were resuspended in 2 ml SHB buffer (0.25 M sucrose, 1 mM EDTA, 10 mM HEPES, pH = 7.4) plus protease inhibitor cocktail with EDTA (Roche) and 1 mM PMSF and disrupted by 30 strokes in a steel dounce homogenizer. The disrupted cells were centrifuged for 12 min at 1400 g to remove nuclei. Supernatants were loaded onto continuous sucrose gradients (percentage iodixanol: 0, 10, 20, 30) and ultracentrifuged in an SW41 rotor at 181,299 x g for 1 h (Optima L-90K Ultracentrifuge, Beckman Coulter). Twenty-two fractions of 420 µl were collected from top to bottom, and 100 µl of each fraction were denatured in SDS buffer for western blot analysis.
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3

Leptospira Protein Extraction Protocol

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The L. interrogans serovars Lai, Canicola, Copenhageni, and the non-pathogenic serovar L. biflexa serovar Patoc were grown in liquid EMJH medium and harvested by centrifugation at 18,514 g for 10 mins. Cells were washed twice with 1X PBS pH 7.4 and pellets were resuspended in 5 mL/gram of BugBuster® Protein Extraction Reagent (Sigma-Aldrich, USA) containing “Protease Inhibitor Cocktail with EDTA” (Roche, USA). Cell lysates were incubated on a rotating mixer for 15 minutes at room temperature. Insoluble cell debris was removed by centrifugation at 18,514 g for 20 minutes at 4°C. Supernatant were stored at -20°C until analysis.
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4

Western Blotting for Brain and Neuronal Proteins

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Western blotting was performed as previously described12 (link). Brain tissue, primary hippocampal neurons and 293T cells were homogenized in an ice-cold lysis buffer containing 1% IGEPAL CA-630 (Sigma), 0.5% Triton X-100, 50 mM Tris-HCl pH 7.5, 150 mM NaCl, 10% glycerol and supplemented with phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride solution and a protease inhibitor cocktail with EDTA (Roche). Whole-cell lysates were subjected to further mechanical disruption by passage through a 26-gauge syringe 5–6 times. Lyates were cleared by centrifugation at 16,100g for 30 min at 4 °C and the solubilized fraction of protein was used for all biochemical experiments. Lysis buffer used in experiments requiring detection of phospho-tyrosine was additionally supplemented with a phosphatase inhibitor cocktail (PhosSTOP, Roche; 04906845001). Proteins were separated by SDS–PAGE, analysed by immunoblotting with the indicated antibodies and visualized using enhanced chemiluminescence (Pierce Biotechnology) on a Bio-Rad Versadoc 4000 (Bio-Rad Laboratories). Blots were quantified using Image J software. Full-length blots with molecular weight markers, denoting kDa, are shown in Supplementary Fig. 5.
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5

Co-Immunoprecipitation Assay Protocol

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S2 and HEK293T cells were lysed with HEPES lysis buffer (150 mM NaCl, 50 mM HEPES pH 7.5, 0.5% (v/v) Triton X-100 supplemented with protease inhibitor cocktail with EDTA (Roche) and the soluble fraction was obtained by centrifugation (16,000 × g, 20 min). For co-IP experiments cleared lysates were added to 20 μL of ANTI-FLAG M2 Affinity Gel (Sigma-Aldrich) or 15 μL of GFP-Trap agarose (ChromoTek) in 100 μL HEPES lysis buffer. The lysate and the beads were incubated for 1 h at 4 °C and washed four times with HEPES lysis buffer. Input and co-IP samples were analysed by SDS-PAGE and western blot. Primary antibodies were: mouse anti-FLAG (M2), 1/5000 (Sigma-Aldrich F1804); mouse anti-GFP (3E1), 1/1000 (Cancer Research UK); rat anti-HA (3F10), 1/2000 (Roche); mouse anti-Myc (9E10), 1/5000 (Santa Cruz sc:40); mouse anti-Tubulin (E7), 1/5000 (Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank); mouse anti-V5 (R960-25), 1/5000 (Thermo Fisher), rabbit anti-P-TAZSer89 1/1000 (E1X9C) (Cell Signalling Technologies 59971), rabbit anti-HA 1/1000 (C29F4) (Cell Signalling Technologies 3724). Secondary antibodies were from GE Healthcare (1:5000).
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