Infinion

SCS leads were implanted through a minimally invasive, outpatient procedure performed under local anesthesia. With the subject in a prone position, three 8- or 16-contact SCS leads (Infinion, Boston Scientific) were percutaneously inserted into the epidural space on the dorsal side of the C5–C8 spinal cord through a 14-gauge Tuohy needle. Contacts were 3 mm long, with 1 mm inter-contact spacing. Leads were steered via a stylet under fluoroscopic guidance, and electrode placement was iteratively adjusted based on the subjects’ report of the location of sensations evoked by intraoperative stimulation. The entire procedure usually took approximately 3–4 hr. The leads were maintained for up to 29 days and subsequently explanted by gently pulling on the external portion of the lead. Subjects attended testing sessions 3–4 days per week during the implantation period. The testing sessions lasted up to a maximum of 8 hr. Lead location and migration were monitored via weekly coronal and sagittal X-rays throughout the duration of implant.

SCS leads were implanted through a minimally invasive, outpatient procedure performed under local anesthesia, described previously^{25 (link)}. Briefly, three 16-contact SCS leads (Infinion, Boston Scientific) were inserted percutaneously into the epidural space on the lateral aspect of the C5–C8 spinal cord. Contacts were 3 mm long, with 1 mm inter-contact spacing. Lead placement was iteratively adjusted based on the subjects’ verbal report of the location of sensations evoked by intraoperative stimulation. The leads were implanted for fewer than 29 days. Subjects attended testing sessions 3–4 days per week during the implantation period. For each subject, the majority of implant time was used to characterize perceptual characteristics of the evoked sensations^{25 (link)}. The functional closed-loop experiments described here were performed during the last 5 days of the study.