Thioacetamide

80 mg thioacetamide and 50 mg (NH₄)₆Mo₇O₂₄·4H₂O (Alfa Aesar) were dissolved in 10 mL DI water under sonication treatment for 20 min to form homogeneous solution. Afterwards the solution was transferred into a 25 mL Teflon autoclave, and CFP (1 × 2 cm²) was placed onto the bottom. The Teflon autoclave was heated at 180 °C for 24 h to give rise to the in situ growth of 1T-MoS₂ on CFP substrate. In addition to the 1T-MoS₂ grown on the CFP, the remained free 1T-MoS₂ was collected by centrifugation and then was washed with DI water, ethanol and acetone (each for two times). The purified 1T-MoS₂ was dried in thermal oven for overnight and ground into fine powders. Loading amount of 1T-MoS₂ on CFP is quantified by 0.5 mg/cm² by comparing the mass difference before and after hydrothermal growth.

MoO₃ powder (CAS number is 1311-27-5) and urea (CAS number is 57-13-6) were purchased from the Sigma-Aldrich Company. Thioacetamide (CAS number is 62-55-5) was purchased from the Fisher Scientific Company. The autoclave (model number 4749) was ordered from the Parr Instrument Company.
Twelve milligrams of MoO₃, 14 mg of Thioacetamide and 0.12 g of urea were dissolved in 10 ml of deionized water and stirred for 2 h. Then, the solution was placed in an autoclave and loaded into a furnace (from MTI), which has been heated to 200 °C. The temperature of the oven was maintained at 200 °C for 12 h. Next, the reaction was terminated by rapidly cooling the solution to room temperature by removing the autoclave from the oven. The prepared M-MoS₂ was collected and washed with deionized water several times, followed by storage in deionized water before use. The same procedure was used to synthesize S-MoS₂ at 240 °C. Two-dimensional nanosheets were observed and no significant difference was observed between M-Mo₂ and S-MoS₂ based on their nanoscale morphology.