Dieldrin

Pilocarpine hydrochloride (≥98%), atropine sulfate monohydrate (≥97%), and potassium chloride (≥99%) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Company (St. Louis, MO, USA). Sodium chloride (≥99%), (4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazineethanesulfonic acid) (HEPES; ≥99%), calcium chloride dihydrate (≥99%), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO; ≥99.7%) and ethanol (200 proof) were purchased from Fisher Scientific (Waltham, MA, USA). Lindane (BHC gamma isomer, 99.5%) and dieldrin (99.2%) were obtained from Chem Service (West Chester, PA, USA). Fipronil (≥98%) was purchased from AdipoGen Life Sciences (San Diego, CA, USA). Piperonyl butoxide (PBO, 90%) was purchased from Acros Organics (Pittsburg and Westchester, PA, USA).

Primary rat embryonic neural stem cells, N2 supplement and human fibroblast growth factor were purchased from MTI-GlobalStem (Gaithersburg, MD). DMEM/F-12, GlutaMAX™, Dulbecco’s phosphate-buffered saline, Dulbecco’s phosphate-buffered saline with Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺, BlockAid™ blocking solution, rat anti-GFAP, donkey anti-rabbit IgG Alexa Fluor 647, goat anti-rat IgG Alexa Fluor 555, DAPI nucleic acid stain and ProLong Diamond Antifade mountant were acquired from Thermo Fisher Scientific (Waltham, MA). Rabbit anti-MAP2 was purchased from EMD Millipore Headquarters (Billerica, MA). Chlorpyrifos, parathion, diazinon, dieldrin and fipronil were obtained from Chem Service Inc. (West Chester, PA).
TSE was prepared by Arista Laboratories (Richmond, VA); Kentucky Reference cigarettes (KY3R4F) were smoked on a Rotary Smoke Machine under ISO conditions (International Organization for Standardization, Geneva, Switzerland). The smoke condensate was collected on 92 mm filter pads, which were then extracted by shaking for 20 min with DMSO, to obtain a solution of approximately 20 mg of condensate per ml. Condensate aliquots were stored in amber vials at −80°C until used. Two cigarettes were smoked to produce each ml of extract and the final product contained 0.8 mg/ml (5 mM) nicotine.
All other chemicals were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO).