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Fluorescence dye conjugated secondary antibodies

Manufactured by Jackson ImmunoResearch
Sourced in United States

Fluorescence dye-conjugated secondary antibodies are laboratory reagents used to detect and visualize target proteins in various analytical techniques, such as Western blotting, immunohistochemistry, and flow cytometry. These antibodies are designed to bind to primary antibodies that have been used to specifically recognize the target proteins, allowing for the detection of the target proteins through the fluorescent signal emitted by the dye-conjugated secondary antibodies.

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4 protocols using fluorescence dye conjugated secondary antibodies

1

Fluorescent Labeling of Caspase-3 and CHOP

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Double fluorescence labeling was performed as described previously [30 (link)]. Amongst the stored brains after India Ink angiography, 12 brains were randomly used from groups sham (n=3), SAH (n=3), low atorvastatin group (n=3), and high atorvastatin group (n=3), respectively. The intracranial internal carotid artery (ICA) was sectioned every 200 μm. Ten micrometers thick coronal sections were cut by a cryostat and incubated overnight at 4°C with the rabbit anti-Caspase 3 (1:50; Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Santa Cruz, CA) and rabbit anti-CHOP (1:500; Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO) antibodies, followed by incubation with appropriate fluorescence dye-conjugated secondary antibodies (Jackson ImmunoResearch, West Grove, PA). The sections were visualized with a fluorescence microscope, and pictographs were recorded and analyzed with MagnaFire SP 2.1B software (Olympus, Melville, NY).
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2

Quantification of Neuronal Apoptosis

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Double-fluorescence labeling was performed as previously described (17 (link)). Sections were incubated overnight at 4°C with rabbit anti-PGRN (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Santa Cruz, CA), goat anti-Iba1 (Santa Cruz Biotechnology), mouse anti-NeuN (EMD Millipore, Temecula, CA), and goat anti-glial fibrillary acidic protein (Santa Cruz Biotechnology) primary antibodies. Appropriate fluorescence dye—conjugated secondary antibodies (Jackson Immunoresearch, West Grove, PA) were applied in the dark for 1 hour at 21°C. For negative controls, the primary antibodies were omitted, and the rest staining procedures were performed exactly in the same way. The sections were visualized by a fluorescence microscope. Photomicrographs were saved and merged by Image Pro Plus software (Olympus, Melville, NY). Double immunofluorescence staining was processed with anti-NeuN (1:400; Abcam, Cambridge, MA) and TUNEL (In situ Cell Death Detection Kit, Fluorescein; Roche, Mannheim, Germany). TUNEL-positive neurons were counted in a blinded manner. The extent of neuronal damage was evaluated by an apoptotic index, which was calculated as the average number of TUNEL-positive neurons in six sections per brain at ×400 magnification. The data were expressed as cells/mm2.
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3

Immunofluorescence Staining of Brain Sections

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Immunofluorescence staining was performed as previously described [47 (link), 48 (link)]. Briefly, the animals were perfused with ice cold PBS and followed by 10% formalin under deep anesthesia. The animals' brains were further fixed in 10% formalin at 4°C for 48 h and dehydrated in 30% sucrose solution for a week. The brains were sectioned to 10 μm thick slices. The brain slices were stained overnight with following primary antibodies including rabbit anti-EP3 (1 : 50, 14357-1-AP, Proteintech, Rosemont, USA), mouse anti-NeuN (1 : 100, ab177487, Abcam, MA, USA), mouse anti-Iba1 (1 : 100, ab15690, Abcam, MA, USA), and mouse anti-GFAP (1 : 100, ab7260, Abcam, MA, USA) overnight at 4°C. On the second day, the slices were incubated with the respective fluorescence dye-conjugated secondary antibodies (1 : 200, Jackson ImmunoResearch, PA, USA) on dark condition for 2 h followed by DAPI staining. The staining was observed using a fluorescence microscope (Olympus, Melville, NY, USA).
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4

Double-Immunofluorescence Staining of Cerebral Cortex Post-SAH

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Double-immunofluorescence staining of cerebral cortex was performed at 24 h after SAH as described previously (Xie et al., 2017 (link)). Sections were incubated overnight at 4°C with rabbit anti-ErbB4 (Abcam, Cambridge, MA, United States), rabbit anti-YAP (Cell Signaling Technology, Beverly, MA, United States), and mouse anti-CD31 (Abcam, Cambridge, MA, United States), followed by fluorescence dye-conjugated secondary antibodies (Jackson Immunoresearch, West Grove, PA, United States) for 3 h at 20°C. The sections were then visualized with a fluorescence microscope. Photomicrographs were analyzed using Image-Pro Plus software (Olympus, Melville, NY, United States).
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